美国受虐儿童心理干预经验及对我国的启示

Psychological Intervention for Abused Children in America and Its Enlightenment

虐待不仅对儿童造成身体伤害,还会导致各种心理问题。美国政府非常重视对受虐儿童进行心理干预,要求各地成立由多方人士组成的专业团队,对受虐儿童进行心理评估、危机干预和康复治疗。心理评估注重证据的收集与处理、知情权的授予和儿童的保护与安置;危机干预包括消解危险性因素和增强保护性因素;康复治疗分为筛选诊断、建立友好关系、梳理症状与反应、心理重建与观念更新等四个阶段。借鉴美国的成功经验,我国应加强相关社会宣传教育,制定心理干预的专项法律,成立专门的心理干预机构,加强相关人员的专业培训,建立覆盖全社会的儿童安全防护体系,确保我国受虐儿童身心的全面康复与健康发展。

Child abuse not only causes physical harm to children, but also leads to various psychological problems. American government attaches great importance to the psychological intervention on child abuse, and requires various regions to set up a professional team composed by various parties to perform psychological evaluation, crisis intervention and rehabilitation therapy for abused children. Psychological evaluation focuses on the collection and processing of evidence, granting the right to know and the child protection and resettlement; Crisis intervention includes eliminating risk factors and enhancing protective factors; Rehabilitation therapy is divided into four stages, respectively focusing on screening and diagnosis, building a friendly relationship, China should also combing symptoms and reactions, reconstructing psychology and renewing the concept. strengthen social propaganda intervention, establish a specialized psychological and education, develop a special law of psychological intervention agency and improve professional training of relevant personnel to build a whole safety protection system for all children.