辛亥南北议和与国民会议

The North-South Conference and the National Assembly

辛亥南北和议,谈判的主要内容不是共和与君宪的优劣短长,而是以何种形式实现共和。开始双方争论的焦点在于是否以国民会议公决国体政体,以及包括代表产生、会议地点在内的会议如何召集等问题。和谈期间,本来主动提出此议的是袁世凯内阁代表一方,民国代表只是被动接受。可是双方共识的基础在谈判会场之外并未得到广泛认同,围绕能否以国民会议的形式公决国体政体及其实施办法,中外南北各种政治势力相互角力,使得谈判双方不断调整各自的态度立场,导致已经取得的各项协议全然失效,最终由国民会议公决国体政体的成案胎死腹中,改由直接迫使清帝退位作为南北纷争的解决之道。

During the North-South Conference of 1911, the two sides negotiated over the approach to establishing a republic,rather than the choice between the republic and the constitutional monarchy. Initially, the representatives of Yuan Shikai^s Cabinet proposed to hold the National Assembly and to decide the form of state and of government by voting, while the ones of the Republic of China could only accept it passively. Subsequently, the situation changed when the two sides began to argue about the details, such as the organization of the National Assembly which involved the selection of representatives and the meeting place. The basis of previous consensus is the fact that both sides accepted tacitly the republic as the form of government. This, however, failed to be widely recognized outside the conference. According to their own benefit,different political forces competed with each other to influence the negotiating process. As a result, negotiators from both sides altered their attitudes and positions constantly, which made previous agreements totally invalid. Finally, directly forcing the Qing emperor to abdicate became the solution to the North-South conflict.