专家参与危机管理中的信任失灵与策略转换

Trust Failure and Strategy Transformation with Experts in Crisis Management

公众科学知识素养的缺乏,社会功能的分工及科技民主价值观念的形成,决定了专家参与危机管理的必要性。中国危机管理面临着突出的专家信任失灵问题。公众对专家知识期望的理想化、专家自身知识的价值偏向、专家参与机制有效性无法保证、信息公开透明度不够等,从知识论层面与现实层面构成了信任失灵的根源。构建专家信息库、提高言论被"收买"的风险成本、完善良好的沟通机制是重获专家信任权威的有效策略。

Experts participation in crisis management is determined by the following factors： lack of scientific knowledge of the public,division of labor brought by social function and formation of the democratic value of science and technology. In the process of the crisis management,experts＇ trust failure becomes a problem. Public tendency to idealize experts＇ knowledge,value preference of experts＇ knowledge,failure in guaranteeing the effectiveness of experts＇ participation and insufficient information transparency are the theoretical and practical causes of the trust failure. The paper puts forward some suggestions on regaining experts＇ trust authority： establishing the experts＇ personal information repository,enhancing the risk cost of experts being bribed and improving communication mechanism.