苹果小吉丁虫综合防控研究进展

Research progress in integrated management of Agrilus mali

苹果小吉丁虫是果树蛀干害虫,属于国内检疫对象和高度危险性林业有害生物。近20年来,在被誉为野生经济林种质资源基因库的新疆天山野果林发生特别严重,特别是对建群树种—新疆野苹果造成毁灭性的破坏。苹果小吉丁虫在新疆野果林扩散速度快,主要以幼虫钻蛀树干为害,幼虫期时间长。防治手段以幼虫期虫疤涂抹药剂、打孔注药和成虫期喷雾防治为主,防治效果并不理想。研究证明乌黑刻柄茧蜂、白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂、球腹蒲螨对苹果小吉丁虫有一定的控制作用。建立以寄生性天敌繁育和释放、寄主植物次生代谢物利用、害虫信息素干扰和害虫诱捕的综合防控体系是今后的研究重点。

Agrilus mali Matsumura,one of the most destructive trunk borers in fruit trees,is listed as a quarantine pest in China and a highly dangerous forest insect as well.It has caused severe damages to wild fruit forests in Xinjiang in the past 20 years,where Malus sieversii is the dominant species.The wild forests are known as rare and natural germplasm resources for China＇s economic forest industry.A.mali,spreading quickly in the wild fruit forests,can inflict serious damage to fruit trees by tunneling under bark during its long larval period.The control efficiency has been poor for the methods such as painting insecticides in damaged bark areas,and trunk injection and spraying of insecticides.However,the parasitoids Sclerodermus pupariae and Atanycolus denigrator,and parasitic mites（Pyemotes sp.）proved to be effective in controlling A.mali to a certain degree.The focus of future research should be on developing an integrated management strategy,where approaches like breeding and releasing parasitoids,utilizing secondary metabolites of host plants,disrupting insect behaviors and mass-trapping with insect pheromones will play important roles.