我国北方部分苹果主产区病毒病的发生与检测

Occurrence and detection of virus diseases in some major apple-producing regions in northern China

苹果病毒病在我国广泛发生,已成为限制我国苹果优质高产的关键因素。20世纪80年代曾对其做过详细的调查和研究,但近年来由于各地农业产业结构调整等因素,苹果病毒病的发生特点有了不同程度的变化。为了解目前我国苹果病毒病的发生情况,在我国北方苹果主产区山东、陕西、山西、辽宁、北京和黑龙江6个省市的部分地区采集苹果样品共计267份,经RT-PCR检测和扩增产物的克隆与测序分析表明在上述地区采集的样品中,苹果褪绿叶斑病毒（ACLSV）、苹果茎沟病毒（ASGV）、苹果茎痘病毒（ASPV）、苹果锈果类病毒（ASSVd）的发生率分别为66.7%~100.0%、38.1%~94.1%、4.8%~85.7%和4.8%~48.6%;苹果凹果类病毒（ADFVd）仅在山东的两个果园零星发生;6个省市样品中病毒复合侵染率分别为67.1%、92.1%、75.0%、88.2%、94.1%和76.2%。

In China,apple virus diseases spread wide and have become a key factor decreasing the quality and production of apple fruits.In the early 1980 s,investigation on apple virus diseases was performed.However,the occurrence and characteristics of apple virus diseases have changed in recent years due to the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure.To determine the current status of apple virus diseases in China,we detected a total of267 apple samples collected from major apple-producing regions in northern China,including Shandong,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Liaoning,Beijing,and Heilongjiang.RT-PCR,cloning and sequencing revealed that the infection rates of apple trees with Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus,Apple stem grooving virus,Apple stem pitting virus and Apple scar skin viroid were 66.7%-100.0%,38.1%-94.1%,4.8%-85.7%,and4.8%-48.6%,respectively.Apple dimple fruit viroid was only found in two orchards of Shandong Province.The multiple infection rates in the six provinces were 67.1%,92.1%,75.0%,88.2%,94.1%,and 76.2%,respectively.