大口径长药室平衡炮发射装药多点点火特性

Multi-point Ignition Characteristics in Large Caliber Balance Gun Propellant with Long-chamber Charges

针对大口径长药室平衡炮内药量大,轴向点传火距离长,点传火条件复杂等问题,对设计的多点点传火结构建立了两相流计算模型。控制点火位置发火的数目,得到了几种传火管内的火药流动过程和燃气释放规律。对同一规格的传火管在相同装药量下,分别采用单点点火、两点点火及多点点火三种方式点火,对所得到的点传火时间、点传火压力及空隙率等反应点传火特性的特征量进行了对比。结合大口径平衡炮多点点火试验结果,验证了多点点火技术的计算结果。结果表明,单点点火和两点点火在3.3 ms左右仍有火药仍未点燃并出现明显堆积现象,而多点点火在2.43 ms时火药已经接近全部燃完,且各特征量分布较为均匀。为此,在大口径长药室平衡炮以及其它一些装药量大的大口径火炮中采用多点点火技术可以有效改善传火时间,增加点传火安全性,抑制火药堆积。

Aiming at the problem of the large mass of the powder, the long ignition/flame spreading distance along axis and many complex ignition/flame spreading conditions in the large caliber balance guns with long-chamber charges, a two-phase flow model was developed for the designed multi-point ignition/flame spreading construction. By controlling the number of the igniters, the flow process and rules of gas releasing in the igniter tube with different numbers of igniter were obtained. A comparison of characteristic quantity of ignition characteristics including ignition/flame spreading time, ignition/flame spreading pressure and void ratio etc obtained by the single-point ignition, the two-point ignition and the multi-point ignition in the same specification igniters under the same amount of charge was performed. Combined with the test results of multi-point ignition in large caliber balance gun, the calculated results of the multi-point technology were verified. Results show a lot of gunpowder still do not burnt and appear an obvious accumulation phenomenon at about 3.3 ms when the single-point ignition or two-point ignition is used , but almost all the propellants are burned out at about 2.43 ms when the multi-point ignition is used and the distribution of the characteristic quantity is relatively uniform. Therefore, use of the multi-point ignition technology in the large caliber balance guns with long-chamber charges and the other big charges with heavy propellant can effectively improve the ignition/flame spreading time, increase the ignition/ flame spreading stability and restrain the gunpowder accumulation.