全要素能源效率的国际比较——基于能源结构视角的实证研究

International Comparison of Total Factor Energy Efficiency——An Empirical Research from the Perspective of Energy Structure

基于1980-2010年49个国家和地区的面板数据,运用考虑了能源结构的RAM-DEA方法分别测算各国或地区的全要素能源效率,分解出各类能源的无效率贡献,并计算出各国的最优能源结构。实证结果表明,高等收入国家及中低等收入国家的全要素能源效率都相对较高,而中高等收入国家的全要素能源效率则相对较低,全要素能源效率与人均收入水平呈U型曲线关系。样本中有15个国家的全要素能源效率呈上升趋势,另有19个国家的全要素能源效率呈下降趋势,5个国家的全要素能源效率保持平稳,10个国家的能源效率始终最优。总体上,非化石能源的无效率贡献较高,且主要依靠增加其消费比重的"管理优化"方式提高全要素能源效率,而化石能源的无效率贡献较低,且主要通过减少其消费比重的"自然优化"方式提高能源效率。中国的全要素能源效率虽然有所提高,但依然处于较低的水平,从长期来看以煤炭为主的能源消费结构不利于中国全要素能源效率的提升。

This paper estimates the total factor energy efficiency of 49 countries during 1980 -2010 based on the RAM-DEA model regarding the energy structure. The inefficiency of different kinds of energy and the most optimal energy structure is also calculated. The empirical results show that：total factor energy ef-ficiency of high income countries and low income countries is higher than that of middle level income coun-tries. TFEE of 19 countries go down through 1980 to 2010 and 15 countries show up-trend on TFEE. 10 countries have the optimal efficiency and the other 5 countries’ TFEE changes little. Overall,the inefficiency of non-fossil energy can be improved by enlarging the consumption,while the fossil energy should be re-duced. China has increased the TFEE during the sample period,but the coal-cantered energy structure will impede the growth of TFEE in the long term.