“闺范”背后的伦理问题——西尔维亚·普拉斯女性诗的文学伦理学批评

Social Restrictions and Female Voice in Sylvia Plath's Poetry

美国自白派女诗人西尔维亚·普拉斯创作了大量以女性形象和女性生活为表现对象的诗歌,这些女性诗展现了特定时代女性的主体经验,反映出对"闺范"——社会加之女性身上的责任、义务和道德观念的合理性的伦理思考。普拉斯的诗歌中贯穿着一条伦理线,就是对待"闺范"的态度,其发展变化是随着女性经验的积累而生成的。伦理线与诗人内心的伦理冲突纠缠交织,使之产生道德焦虑,陷入伦理困境。对旧的伦理秩序的反思则让诗人在诗歌中发出反抗的声音,呼唤挣脱屈从,以"重生"解决伦理问题,推动社会道德观念的进步。

The American confessional poetess Sylvia Plath has written a range of poems depicting the images of women and their lives. These poems, by accounting individual experiences of women in her times, reflect her attempt to struggle with the social restrictions on women in the form of responsibility and morality. Running through various stages of her careers, there is a consistent ethical concern（＂ethical line＂） which centers around her unresolved conflicts with social mechanisms hidden beneath the surface of her experience of life as a woman. In doing so, she exposes contradictions between social expectation and her own vision of ethics, and lays bare her moral anxiety and ethical dilemma. She transforms her poetic voice into a voice of womanhood, which repudiates the expectations placed upon women, calls for an allegorical ＂rebirth＂ in resolution of ethical issues and thus pushes forward the progress of social morality.