极低频电磁场暴露与不良妊娠结局风险关联研究进展

Recent Advances in Association of Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields with Adverse Birth Outcomes

随着现代化电力工业的发展和家用电器的普及,环境极低频电磁场的磁感应强度越来越高,因此,公众日益关注极低频电磁场暴露对人体健康的可能危害。为此,主要对近年来有关极低频电磁场暴露与不良妊娠结局发生关系的流行病学研究进展进行了综述,总结了以往研究存在的问题并展望了未来的研究方向。目前研究集中于高压输电线路及视频显示终端来源的极低频电磁场对出生体质量、流产、早产及出生缺陷。有限研究提示妊娠期极低频电磁场暴露与低出生体质量、流产发生存在相关性,但是剂量-反应关系尚不明确,结果有待验证;研究结果未支持极低频电磁场与早产和出身缺陷有关。流行病学研究对极低频电磁场是否能增加不良妊娠结局的发生风险没有得到一致结果。

With the development of power industry and widely application of electronic products, public concerns have been raised about possible health hazards of increased exposures to environmental extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields（ELF-EMF）. We reviewed the progress of epidemiological studies on the association of ELF-EMF exposure with adverse birth outcomes, discussed existingissues in these studies and proposed future directions. Most studies focusedon finding associations of ELF-EMF from power transmission lines and video display terminals with low birth body mass, abortion, preterm birth and birth defects. A few of them suggested ELF-EMF increasing the rate of low birth body mass and abortion, but provide no clear dose-response relationship which needsto be confirmed in further works; meanwhilethere is no evidence that ELF-EMF increases preterm birth and birth defects. In conclusion, the results from epidemiological studies are inconsistent.