不同粗纤维水平饲粮对烟台黑猪肥育性能及胴体肉品质的影响

Effects of Different Dietary Crude Fibre Levels on Growth Perfo rmance,Carcass Performance and Pork Quality of Yantai Black Pigs

选择2014年春季出生的生长发育良好、胎次相近、体重35 kg左右的烟台黑猪仔猪95头为研究对象，随机分为3组，低纤维水平组31头饲喂低纤维水平饲粮，中纤维水平组34头饲喂中等纤维水平饲粮，高纤维水平组30头饲喂高纤维水平饲粮。每组3个重复，每个重复10～12头。结果表明：不同粗纤维水平饲粮对烟台黑猪35～75 kg生长期和75～95 kg肥育期的平均日增重影响显著。其中，生长期平均日增重以低纤维水平组最高，分别比中纤维水平组和高纤维水平组提高14.91%（P＞0.05）、23.05%（P＜0.01）；肥育期平均日增重以中纤维水平组最高，分别比低纤维水平组、高纤维水平组提高20.96%（P＜0.05）、5.62%（P＞0.05）。生长期和全期料重比以低纤维水平组最低即饲料报酬最高，分别比中纤维水平组、高纤维水平组降低6.59%、15.51%、2.85%、6.14%。饲粮粗纤维水平对烟台黑猪胴体性能影响不显著，对肉质性状中的a值及干物质含量影响显著。 a值、干物质和肌内脂肪含量都以低纤维水平组最高，分别比中纤维水平组和高纤维水平组提高9.75%（P＞0.05）、13.72%（P＜0.05）、6.09%（P＞0.05）、8.31%（P＜0.05）和110%（P＞0.05）、122.35%（P＞0.05）。不同粗纤维水平饲粮对烟台黑猪背最长肌的酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸影响显著，酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量都以高纤维水平组最高，分别比低纤维水平组和中纤维水平组提高10.00%（P＜0.05）、4.05%（P＞0.05）、11.90%（P＜0.05）、5.62%（P＞0.05）。不同粗纤维水平饲粮对烟台黑猪背最长肌亚油酸含量影响显著，对其他3种脂肪酸影响不显著。亚油酸含量以高纤维水平组最高，比低纤维水平组、中纤维水平组分别提高35.14%（P＜0.05）、4.74%（P＞0.05），其次是中纤维水平组较高，比低纤维水平组提高29.02%（P＜0.05）。综合分析，烟台黑猪适宜的饲粮粗纤维水平生长期为10%，肥育期为12%。

In the study,95 healthy piglets of weight 35 kg, born in the spring of 2014,were selected, randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 （n=31）, Group 2 （n=34） and Group 3 （n=30） were feed diets with low, middle and high crude fibre levels, respectively. The results indicated that diets with different crude fibre levels signifi-cantly affected the average daily gain（ADG） of growth period （35～75 kg） as well as fattening period（75～95 kg）. Specifically, the ADG of growth period was highest in pigs fed diet with low crude fibre levels had, and com-pared with middle and high levels, their average daily gain were improved 14.91%（P〉0.05） and 23.05%（P〈0.01） respectively. The ADG of fattening period was highest in pigs fed diet with middle crude fibre levels had, and compared with low and high levels, their average daily gain were improved 20.96%（P〈0.05） and 5.62%（P〉0.05） respectively. Feed/gain ratio of growth period as well as the whole experimental period was highest for the low crude fibre level, and compared with middle and high levels, it decreased 6.59% and 15.51%, 2.85% and 6.14%,respectively. Diets with different crude fibre levels did not significantly influence the carcass performance. It significantly affected a value and contents of dry matters of meat traits. Specifically, a value,content of dry matters and intramuscular fat（IMF） were highest in pigs fed diet with low crude fibre level,and compared with middle and high levels, they were improved 9.75%（P〉0.05） and 13.72%（P〈0.05）, 6.09%（P〉0.05） and 8.31%（P〈0.05）, 110%（P〉0.05） and 122.35%（P〉0.05） respectively. Diets with different crude fibre level significantly af-fected Tyrosine and Phenylalanine. Tyrosine and Phenylalanine were highest for the high crude fibre level, and compared with low and middle levels, they were improved 10.00%（P〈0.05） and 4.05%（P〉0.05）, 11.90%（P〈0.05） and 5.62%（P〉0.05） respectively. Diets with different crude fibre level significantly affected the content of linoleic acid, while insignificantly affected the content of the other three fatty acids. The content of linoleic acid was highest for the high crude fibre level, and compared with low and middle levels, they were improved 35.14%（P〈0.05） and 4.74%（P〉0.05）. The content of linoleic acid was higher for the middle crude fibre level, and compared with low level, it was improved 29.02%（P〈0.05）. Comprehensive analysis, adequate diets crude fibre level of Yantai pig in growing period was 10%, that of fattening period was 12%.