古代功臣画像的文学接受

Literary Acceptance of Portraits for the Ancient Meritorious Ministers

图绘功臣是古代君主褒赏有功之臣的一种方式,也是古代一个独特的艺术和政治文化现象。霍光、苏武、房玄龄、杜如晦等历史上著名的功臣被图像和文学所反复描绘和书写,成为人类精神的"原型"。大量关于功臣画像的记载藉文字得以保存,文学在"转译"图像的过程中进一步延伸和演绎了图像所蕴涵的观念、意义。考察古代功臣画像的文学接受,有助于探究古代文人对功臣画像接受的方式、原因,进一步加深对文人心态及民族情感的研究。功臣画像的文学史意义体现在"功臣画像"成为文人的集体记忆、促进"像赞"文体的发展、功臣画像与像赞图文互释三个方面。

Making portraits for the meritorious ministers is not only a way by which the ancient Chinese emperors pay tributes to them, but also a unique art and political culture phenomenon. There were many famous historical meritorious ministers,such as Huo Guang, Su Wu, Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui and many others, who were frequently depicted, illustrated and painted in literary works, becoming the spiritual＂model＂of the their countrymen. The portrait of large number of meritorious ministers are better preserved by literary texts. At the same time, the texts further extent and interpret the concept and significance of the portraits. After investigating literature acceptance of ancient meritorious minister portraits, exploring ancient literati mentality and national sentiments, we find the significance of literary history of meritorious ministers portraits embodies in that the ＂meritorious ministers portrait＂become a literary collective memory and promote the development of＂portraits＂style.