氯化胆碱提高切花百合观赏品质的研究

Choline Chloride Improve Ornamental Quality of Cut Lilies

百合是世界四大切花之一,具有很高的观赏价值和经济价值。切花根据其花蕾数量和长度、茎秆长度和硬度、叶色等指标进行品质分级。氯化胆碱最初作为一种块茎膨大剂在马铃薯上进行应用,研究表明其具有促进植株地上部分生长的效用。本研究采用这种生长调节剂氯化胆碱对百合植株进行喷施处理,以期提高百合切花品质。供试材料为周径14/16cm的东方百合‘索邦’(Lilium Oriental Hybrid‘Sorbonne’)种球,采用百合种球周转箱(20cm×40cm×60cm)栽植,基质为泥炭+珍珠岩(体积比2:1)。每箱种植12个种球,常规管理。选择在阴天清晨向定植后30d、50d的百合植株叶面分别喷施浓度为100mg L-1、200mg L-1的氯化胆碱溶液一次(处理溶液中加入1%的吐温80),喷施量为观察到全株叶片边缘产生明显液滴为止。同时以喷施清水为对照,每个处理8箱。待切花呈现开花2级(花蕾开始转色)时测定株高、叶片数、叶片厚度(取15枚叶片测量其中部除叶脉部分的厚度)、叶面积、叶片黄化率(叶面积30%以上黄化)和脱落率;待切花呈开花5级(花瓣达到水平张开,盛花初期)时测量最大花朵直径。使用LICOR6400仪观测植株生长过程中的各项光合指标,包括净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率。叶绿素含量的测定:剪取一定鲜重的叶片放入80%丙酮中,在黑暗条件下充分浸提48h,将浸提液用分光光度计分别测定663nm、646nm和470nm下的消光度值OD,计算叶绿素含量(赵世杰,1998)。结果表明:在种植后30d喷施处理能显著改善百合植株地上部分和地下部分生长,表现为显著提高植株株高,而种植后50d喷施处理无明显变化。在切花采收期间,定植30d喷施100 mg L-1,200 mg L-1处理的株高可达114.6cm和110.2cm,分别比对照组高出15.6%和11.53%,且未出现茎秆软弱、易倒伏等现象;叶片数增多,叶片厚度和叶面积增加,叶绿素含量提高,同时在植株生长后期可有效减缓下部叶片的黄化和脱落;对叶片进行光合指标测定表明,定植30d喷施100 mg L-1,200 mg L-1处理组能显著提高叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率,提高光合产物对花朵的供应量,虽然对花朵数量和花期无明显影响,但是能增加花朵直径,提高切花观赏品质。

This study is conducted to test the effect of Choline chloride,a plant growth regulator, on improvement ornamental quality of cut lilies. The plants were sprayed with a solution of 100mg/l, 200mg/l at 30, 50 days after planting（DAP）, respectively. The results showed that 30 DAP treatments could exert significantly positive effect on plant growth rather than 50 DAP treatments. The stem length treated with 100mg/l, 200mg/l at 30 DAP could reach 114.6cm and 110.2cm, which was 15.6% and 11.53% higher than the control, respectively, without any unfavorable negative effect. Choline chloride increased the leaf number, leaf thickness, leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis（including net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and intercellular CO2 concentration）, that leading to more photoassimilates transported to flowers. Although the treatments did notprolong the flowering time, they did have positive effect on flower diameter,could improve ornamental quality of cut lilies.