‘云香’水仙花香成分分析

Analysis on Aromatic Components in 'Yunxiang' of Narcissus tazetta

‘云香’水仙是福建农林大学园艺遗传育种研究所选育的多花水仙新品种,2012年4月1日通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会认定。‘云香’水仙花朵大、花朵数量多、花期长、香气浓,不仅具有优良的观赏性状,而且可作为提取香料的原料。本试验利用气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分别对‘云香’水仙花蕾期、初花期、盛花期、衰败期的花朵样品进行了花香成分分析。以期为进一步研究花香成分的生物合成途径,指导花香育种奠定基础。试验采用Tenax管吸附剂吸附法采集‘云香’水仙花香成分。将采样瓶、活化后的Tenax吸附管、大气采样仪,相互之间用硅胶管连接。然后在采样瓶中装入水仙花样品用橡胶塞密封好,打开大气采样仪进行采样。采样完成后取下Tenax管,用1m L的色谱纯正己烷洗脱。取1μL洗脱的样品,用美国Varian Saturn3900/2100T气相色谱质谱联用仪进行分析。色谱条件：色谱柱为DB-5MS（内径0.25mm,柱长30m,液膜0.25μm）;载气为氦气（纯度〉99.999%）;流速1m L·min-1;进样口温度250℃;分流比1/2;起始70℃,保留3min;以10℃/min升到90℃保留2min;以5℃/min升到180℃保留1min;以8℃/min升到190℃保留2min。质谱条件：电离方式EI;电子能量70Ev;阱温220℃;传输线温度280℃;采集方式为全扫描;质量扫描范围为40～650amu。通过自带的软件Saturn GC/MS Workstation Version 5.52和谱库wiley7、nist98m、nist05m数据库进行图谱分析,得出可能的成分鉴定结果。以面积归一化法根据各组分的峰面积值换算样品中不同物质的相对含量。分析结果表明：‘云香’水仙花蕾期和初花期分别检测出25种成分,其中含量最高的5种是反式罗勒烯、乙酸苄酯、苯甲酸、3,4-二羟基苯乙二醇和茴香醚。盛花期检测出的成分上升至29种,其中含量最高的5种成分略有差别,分别是反式罗勒烯,其次是乙酸苄酯、茴香醚、顺式罗勒烯、苯甲酸等。衰败期共检测出28种成分,其中含量最高的5种成分与花蕾期和初花期相同。顺式罗勒烯、α-萜品烯、樟脑、癸醛等具有香味的赋香成分都只在盛花期检测到,枯烯、辛醛、右旋柠檬烯、芳樟醇、壬醛等具有香味的赋香成分都只有在衰败期检测到。说明随着花的开放花香成分的种类增加,具有香气的赋香成分也在增加,这与人们的嗅觉感官结果一致。‘云香’水仙的香气成分主要为萜烯类化合物和苯丙酸类化合物,它们的合成取决于异戊二烯和苯丙氨酸代谢途径,因此探索其代谢途径的关键酶基因的作用与调控机理对指导花香育种具有重要意义。

‘Yunxiang＇,a new cultivar of Narcissus tazetta, was selected by the Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and registered by Fujian province on April 1, 2012. It possesses excellent ornamental characters, such as large size and quantity of flower, long florescence and thick aroma. It also can be used as a good raw material in the extraction of spices owning to its superiority over other narcissus. In this study, composition and relative contents of floral volatile were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）, for four different stages, i.e.,the flower bud, the early flowering, the full blooming and the senescent stage. The results showed that： a total of 25 aromatic compounds were identified from the stages of flower bud to the early flowering,the main volatile constitutes are trans-ocimene、benzyl acetate、benzoic acid、3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and anisole. During the stage of full blooming, up to 29 kinds of the aromatic compounds in which 5 compounds mainly including trans-ocimene、benzyl acetate、anisole、cis-ocimene plus benzoic acid were detected, whereas there are slightly difference in contents among measured 5 main compounds. Besides, during the senescent stage,a total of 28 compounds were found, in which 5 compounds with the maximum content are the same as the first two stages. In addition, during the full blooming and the senescent stage, cisocimene、alpha-terpinene、Camphorand decanal,and isopropylbenzene、octanal、D-limonene、linalool、nonanal, were only detected respectively. Floral volatile compounds gradually increased with the types of aromatic subjects. Terpenoids, as well as benzenoids were the dominant scent components of ‘Yunxiang＇,and the synthesis of them depend on isoprene and phenylalanine metabolic pathway. Thus, exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of key enzyme genes, is of great importance and will shed light on the future breeding and cultivation.