基于AHP的船舶核动力装置故障及安全性分析

Failure and Safety Studies of Nuclear-Powered Ship Based on AHP

针对民用核动力船舶运行的安全性问题,运用层次分析法(AHP)对目标船型为50万t级的核动力矿砂船进行了安全性分析。基于民用核动力船舶动力装置系统的特点,分别建立了民用船舶核动力装置一回路系统和二回路系统的递阶层次模型,并制定相应的指标评分准则,进行风险评估。应用层次分析法进行安全性分析,能避免民用核动力船舶数据缺失等问题,为开展船用核动力装置故障分析开辟了新的思路。研究结果表明:安全注射系统(RIS)、化学和容积控制系统(RCV)、控制棒系统及燃料包壳系统是一回路系统中的关键风险要素;二回路系统中汽动给水泵系统、电动给水泵系统、主给水流量控制系统和高压给水加热器系统为关键风险要素。针对安全性分析找到的关键风险要素提出相应的应对措施,能提高民用核动力船舶应对海上风险状况的能力。

An Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）was used to analyze the operation safety of civilian nuclear-powered vessels.The hierarchy system models of primary loop system and second loop system were established.The evaluation criteria with indicator were formulated for the risk assessment.Using AHP for safety analysis can avoid the problem of the missing data of civilian nuclear-powered vessels and open up a new idea for the failure analysis of nuclear power plant.The result shows that the Safety Injection System（RIS）,the Chemical and Volume Control System（RCV）,the Control Rods System,and the Hull of Fuel Canning System are the key risk factors in the primary system of nuclear powered marine plant.The Steam Feed Pump System,Electric Feed Water Pump System,Feed Water Flow Control System,and High Pressure Heater System are the main risk factors of the second loop system.Aiming at the key risk factors identified by the security analysis,the corresponding countermeasures are proposed.These measures can facilitate the ability to cope with marine risk profile of the ship.