“被××”结构的原型理论解析

Analysis of“被+XX”from the Perspective of Prototype Theory

汉语新型"被××"结构是一种特殊的语言现象。运用原型理论,对"被××"语言现象与汉语传统"被"字句的内在关系进行了研究,从结构和语义两方面的分析发现:结构上,"被××"与"被"字句结构范畴存在交叉属性,即"被"字句结构范畴的原型成分"被+及物动词";语义上,"被××"与"被"字句语义范畴相交于"被"字句语义范畴的原型成分——"消极意义"。因此,可以认定,"被××"是汉语"被"字句范畴的一个成员。

＂被＋XX＂is a particular language phenomenon.This article takes Prototype Theory as theoretical background,and studies inner relationship between＂被＋XX＂and Chinese passive sentence of＂bei＂.Structurally,＂被＋XX＂overlaps with Chinese＂bei＂-structure category in its prototypical member＂bei＋transitive verb＂.Semantically,＂被＋XX＂overlaps with Chinese＂bei＂semantic category in its prototypical member＂negative meaning＂.Therefore,the conclusion that＂被＋XX＂is a member of the category of Chinese＂bei＂structure is reached.