水上溢油回收、分离、临时储存及转运能力定量关系研究

Quantitative Relationship Among the Capacities of Recovery,Separation,Temporary Storage and Transfer of Spilled Oil

溢油回收、临时储存和转运是传统水上溢油应急行动的3个重要环节,现场油污水分离是近年来提出的一个新概念和新增作业环节,并逐步被认可与实践。这4个环节需要紧密配合才能使溢油应急行动效果最佳,目前,国内外尚没有针对上述4个作业环节的定量关系开展专门的研究。本研究基于水上溢油应急实践,首先给出了溢油回收能力、油水分离、临时储存和转运能力的定义、构成要素及计算方法,然后就四者之间的内在联系给出了定量算法,并通过一个应用案例检验了四者的定量关系,最后总结分析了决定水上溢油应急能力的关键因素,以期提高水上溢油应急效率和指挥决策水平,并对优化资源配置和应急能力建设有所促进。

Recovery,temporary storage and transfer of spilled oil are traditionally three important parts in the oil spill response,while in-situ oil-water separation is a new concept and part proposed in recent years and accepted and implemented gradually.To make the effect of the oil spill emergency actions optimum,a close coordinate of the four parts is necessary.However,no special research on the quantitative relationship among these four parts has been reported.This paper gives first the definition,constitute elements and calculation methods of the capacities of recovery,oil-water separation,temporary storage and transfer of spilled oil based on the practices of oil spill emergency actions and then a quantitative algorithm for the four parts according to their intrinsic relationship.The quantitative relationship among the four parts is verified through an application case.Finally,some key factors that decide the capability of the oil spill response are analyzed and summarized in order to improve the efficiency and the decision-making level of the oil spill response and to promote the optimization of resources allocation and the capability building of the oil spill response.