互动交际中话语标记“不是”的浮现与衍化——兼论会话中话语标记的发展问题

The Emergence and Development of“bushi”in the Interactive Communication and the Development of the Discourse Marker in the Conversation

浮现语法认为,"用法先于语法",把语法看成是不断变化发展的,是在动态交际中所形成的趋向结构。文章以"不是"为研究对象,考察互动交际浮现产生话语标记的路径和话语标记各项功能的浮现,并预测其发展方向。关于"不是",文章主要结论为:(一)"不是"由否定短语发展成为话语标记,离不开语义虚化、主观性增加、其后省略宾语脱落以及在互动交际中的高频使用;(二)"不是"在话语关系层面的核心内涵使得其话语标记功能具有内在统一性;(三)互动交际模式所赋予的功能特征和"不是"本身的便利条件有利于它向叹词方向发展,这映证了浮现语法的重要观点——语法是不断变化的。

There is a view point in the emergent grammar that usage is earlier than grammar and grammar w hich has been in the continuous development is formed in the dynamic communication. Based on ＂bushi＂as the object of the research,this paper inspects that how the discourse marker take shape in the interactive communication and inspects the emergence of the functions. M eanw hile,this paper predicts the development direction of ＂bushi＂. The main conclusions about ＂bushi＂are as follow s. First,in the process from negative phrase to discourse marker,there are semantic grammaticalization,subjectivity increase,diastasis of the object and the high frequency use in the interactive communication. Second,the phenomenon that the functions of discourse markers have intrinsic unity is based on the nuclear connotation. Third,the functional characteristics given by the interactive communication and the convenient conditions of ＂bushi＂are conducive to the development to the direction of interjection,w hich is the reflection of the emergent grammar that argues that grammar is constantly changing.