王朗自然保护区岷江冷杉林优势种与主要伴生种的空间格局

Spatial Pattern of Dominant and Main Companion Tree Species in An Abies faxoniana Forest in Wanglang Nature Reserve

以王朗国家自然保护区原始的岷江冷杉林为研究对象,调查了1 hm2样地的乔木数据,研究了岷江冷杉林乔木层树种的重要值,运用Ripley’s K函数分析了岷江冷杉林优势种与主要伴生种的空间格局。结果表明,（1）岷江冷杉在群落中占据绝对优势,紫果云杉、方枝圆柏、桦树和槭树为主要伴生种。（2）5个主要树种的空间格局主要为聚集分布,聚集强度随着尺度增大,先增大后减小或者先增大然后趋于随机分布。（3）岷江冷杉和紫果云杉的空间关系为相互独立;岷江冷杉与方枝圆柏和槭树在小尺度上（分别为8~13 m和2~19 m）表现为显著负相关关系;岷江冷杉和桦树在2~29 m的尺度下呈显著正相关。5个树种的聚集分布特征以及岷江冷杉与4个伴生种空间关联的多样性体现了物种的生物学特性、更新方式和不同的生境需求。结合树种特性、更新机制和空间格局特征,可对群落进行适度的抚育,以维持岷江冷杉林的群落稳定。

Based on field survey of a 1 hm2 plot of Abies faxoniana forest in Wanglang Nature Reserve,importance value of tree species in canopy layer was studied,and Ripley＇s K function was also used to analyze spatial pattern and spatial association of dominant and main companion tree species. The result showed that,（ 1） A. faxoniana was dominant species in the community and Picea purpurea,Sabina saltuaria,Betula spp.,and Acer spp. were four main companion species;（ 2） The five main tree species mainly showed aggregated distribution. As spatial scale increased,aggregation intensity tended to increase first and then decreased or tended to be random distribution;（ 3）Spatial association between A. faxoniana and P. purpurea was independent at all spatial scales. A. faxoniana and S. saltuaria,A. faxoniana and A. spp. showed significantly negative associations at small scales（ 8 ~ 13 m and 2 ~19 m,respectively）. A. faxoniana and B. spp. was significantly and positively associated at scale 2 ~ 29 m. The aggregated distribution of the five species and variety of spatial associations between A. faxoniana and four companion species indicated the biological characteristics, regeneration ways and different habitat requirements. Some measure could be taken to maintain stability of community structure of A. faxoniana forest based on species characteristics,regeneration mechanism,and spatial pattern.