紫色土田施用有机肥对烟株根际土壤酶活性·速效氮的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activity and Rapidly Available Nitrogen in Tobacco Plant Rhizosphere of Purple Soil

[目的]为烤烟合理施用有机肥提供理论依据。[方法]通过田间试验,研究了广东南雄紫色土烟田施用不同有机肥对烟株根际土壤酶活性、速效氮含量的影响。[结果]600 kg/hm2有机肥可在不同程度提高大田期烟株根际土壤转化酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶及脲酶活性,以施用生物有机肥效果最为显著;烟株根际土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量也随有机肥种类的不同而在烟株大田期呈不同的变化,但其与烟株根际土壤转化酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶及脲酶活性极显著相关;以生物有机肥处理烟株根际土壤速效氮含量变化最符合生产优质烟叶烟株的吸氮规律,且显著提高成熟期烟株根系活力,提高烟叶的田间耐熟性。[结论]施用生物有机肥对延缓烟株衰老、确保烟叶的田间耐熟性具有积极的实践意义。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to provide the theoretical basis for the regular application of organic fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco. [ Method] The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic fertilizer applied in purple soil on soil enzyme activity and rapidly available nitrogen in tobacco plant rhizoshere, Nanxiong. [ Result] 600 kg/hm^2 organic fertilizer could improve the activity of soil invertase, catalase, protease, alkaline phosphatase and urease in tobacco plant rhizosphere at varying degree in field period, in which the effects of bio-organic fertilizer were the most significant. Ammonium and nitrate content of tobacco rhizosphere soil changed with different types of organic fertilizer in filed period, but its relationship with the activity of soil invertase, catalase, protease, alkaline phosphatase and urease in tobacco rhizosphere was extremely significant. Soil available nitrogen content in tobacco rhizosphere dealt with bio-organic fertilizer accorded with the law of production of high quality tobacco leaf nitrogen uptake, and significantly increased the tobacco leaf maturity resistance in flied by significantly increasing its root activity. [ Conclusion] The application of organic fertilizer had the positive practical significance on the delay of tobacco senescence and the guarantee of mature resistance in the field.