长沙市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)污染特征及其与气象条件的关系

Pollution Characteristics of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in Changsha City and Their Relationships with Meteorological Conditions

2014年6月1日-7月2日在黄土岭、马坡岭采样点采集PM10、PM2.5样本,研究PM10、PM2.5质量浓度的时空分布特征,并分析其与气温、风速、相对湿度、气压和降水的相关性。结果表明,黄土岭、马坡岭PM10平均日均浓度分别为108.37、91.00μg/m^3,日均浓度超标率分别为25.00%、18.75%;PM2.5平均日均浓度分别为73.48、65.09μg/m^3,日均浓度超标率分别为31.25%、34.38%。长沙市PM2.5污染比PM10严重。6月12-16日PM10、PM2.5污染最严重,出现了灰霾天气。PM2.5和PM10质量浓度呈显著正相关;PM10、PM2.5质量浓度与气温、风速、气压呈正相关,与相对湿度呈显著负相关,与降水量呈弱负相关。

PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected from June 1st to July 2nd in 2014 at Huangtuling and Mapoling. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were studied, and their relationships with air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, air pressure and precipitation were analyzed. Results showed that average daily mass concentrations of PM10 at Huangtuling and Mapoling were 108.37 and 91.00 μg/m^3 respectively, 25.00% and 18.75% of them exceeded the standard respectively. Average daily mass concentrations of PM2.5 at Huangtuling and Mapoling were 73.48 and 65.09 μg/m^3 respectively, 31.25% and 34.38% of them exceeded the standard respectively. The pollution of PM2.5 was graver than that of PM10 in Changsha City. The pollution of PM10 and PM2.5 was most serious in the period of June 12th - 16th, when haze weather emerged. The correlations between mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were significant positive. The mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were positively correlated with air temperature, wind speed and air pressure, significant negatively correlated with relative humidity, weaker negatively correlated with precipitation.