武汉市和平街慢性病综合防治状况调查

Investigation of Community Integrated Chronic Disease Prevention in Heping Street,Wuhan

目的探索武汉市洪山区和平街社区居民健康状况及危险因素,为开展慢性病综合防治的最终评价提供基线数据。方法采用简单随机抽样方法,抽取18岁以上人口计1520人（男性727人,女性793人）对人口学状况、居住环境、家庭基本情况、人群健康状况和慢性病行为因素进行描述性分析。结果 160岁以上老人占社区总体人口的15.89%,呈现老龄化态势。2年度居民死亡率占社区总人口的5.44‰,死因前3位疾病依次为循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤疾病、呼吸系统疾病,占死亡总数的57.33%。3吸烟、饮酒、缺乏锻炼、高盐摄入4项不健康生活行为方式的高峰段,集中体现在30~50岁组,与同性别其他年龄段总体比较,具有统计学意义（χ^2男=157.59,χ^2女=16.52,P〈0.01）;4个单项行为高峰年龄段的同性别间分项比较,男性群体均有统计学意义（χ^2依次为48.43,30.21,44.18,37.89,P〈0.01）;女性在＂吸烟、饮酒、缺乏锻炼＂3项具有统计学意义（χ2依次为6.64,8.14,10.24,P〈0.01）,高盐摄入项无年龄段差异（χ^2=2.05,P〉0.05）;4项不健康生活行为方式的男女间比较,具有统计学差异（χ2值依次为：159.92,114.90,9.38,13.18,P〈0.01）。4正常体质量者占调查总体的77.96%,偏瘦者占调查总体的7.11%,超重者占调查总体的13.03%,肥胖者占调查总体的1.78%,男女群体间比较无统计学差异。5社区患病人群的非规范化治疗占70.07%。结论社区呈现的老龄化的人口结构,鲜明的慢性病危险行为、不规范的疾病治疗状态、不健康的生活习惯增加了罹患疾病的风险,社区卫生服务机构慢性病综合防治能力亟待提升。

Objective To explore the health condition of local residents and health related risk factors in Heping Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, to provide fundamental and benchmark data for the evaluation of integrated chronic disease prevention.Method Simple random sampling was used.A total of 1520 over 18 years old adults from 1080 households were selected. Their demographic characteristics, living condition, basic family information, health condition and chronic disease behavioral factor were analysed. Results Heping Street community appeared to be an aging community with 15.89 % residents over 60 years old. The incidence of hypertensiona and diabetes prevalence were 12.11 % and 5.7 % respectively, lower than national norm. Smoking, alcohol use, exercise less than 3 times a week and average salt intake a mong males aged between 30-50 years were 64.53%, 63.68%, 33.10% and 35.23% respectively and among females were 77.35%, 86.73%, 57.49% and 54.39% respectively. Body mass index （BMI） exceeded the normal range in this age group was 60.17 % for males and 42.86 % for females. 29.93 % sick residents received standard treatment.Conclusion The community appears to be aging. Risk behaviors of chronic disease, nonstandard disease treatment states, and unhealthy life habits increase the risk of diseases. The integrated chronic disease prevention and control ability of the community health service institutions should be strengthened.