185例斑秃患者流行病学与心理健康状况分析

Epidemiological and Mental Status Research on 185 Patients with Alopecia Areatas

目的分析斑秃患者发病的流行病学特点、探讨心理因子与斑秃发病的相关性。方法对斑秃组及健康对照组进行自制流行病学调查表及症状自评量表（Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90）评估,用SPSS 11.0软件进行统计分析。结果本研究中纳入观察的斑秃患者为185例,男女比例为1.3∶1,发病年龄从10~66岁,大部分集中在21~50岁之间,各年龄段男性和女性患者发病年龄无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,患者病程从1周到11年不等,有11.35%的患者有阳性家族史,有74.05%的患者发病前有心理诱因。在SCL-90评估中斑秃组和健康对照组的总分和阳性项目数有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,10项心理因子中有统计学差异（P〈0.05）的有强迫症状、敌对、抑郁、人际关系敏感、焦虑、偏执和躯体化7项因子,其中强迫症状因子出现的频率最高。结论本研究发现斑秃患者通常在中青年发病,无性别差异,病程长短不一,部分有家族史,大部分患者发病前有心理诱因。强迫症状、敌对、抑郁、人际关系敏感、焦虑、偏执和躯体化这7项心理因素对斑秃的发病有关,其中相关性最高的是强迫症状因子。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of alopecia areata and its relationship with mental factors and alopecia areata.Methods The SPSS11.0was used to analyze the data from epidemiological investigation and Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90）evaluation of the alopecia areata group and healthy control group.Results The ratio of alopecia areata between male and female was 1.3∶1 of 185 alopecia areata patients.The age of disease onset was from10 to 66 years old,mostly from21 to 50 years old,and there was no significant difference in ages between male and female（P〉0.05）.The disease course lasted from1 week to 11 years.11.35% had positive family history,and 74.05% had mental inducement.In the SCL-90 evaluation the total score and the number of positive factors had significant difference between two groups（P〈0.05）.The compulsion symptoms,rivalry depression,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,bigotry and somatization had significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.05）,among which the occurrence of compulsion symptoms was highest.Conclusion Alopecia areata mostly occurs at the young and middle age.There is no gender difference.The course of alopecia areata varies,partial patients have family history,and most patients have mental inducement.The compulsion symptoms,rivalry depression,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,bigotry and somatization are mental factors influencing the alopecia areata,among which the compulsion symptoms has the highest correlation.