王阳明弟子徐爱“黔中之行”辩正——对阳明学术史上一个错误观点的追问与考证

Rectification of “Qianzhong Trip” by Xu Ai,Wang Yangming's Disciple: A Question and Research on a Mistake in the Academic History of Wang Yangming

在对王阳明及阳明后学的研究中,有一种较为普遍的观点认为:王阳明早期著名弟子徐爱曾追随王阳明先生到达过贵州龙场,是故徐爱有一次明确无误的"黔中之行"。依据多种相关证据考察认为,徐爱"黔中之行"的观点是没有史料根据的。通过考证,追寻了产生错误的客观原因在于钱德洪编撰《王阳明年谱》时,将正德四年王阳明与席书在贵阳始论学和正德九年徐爱与黄绾等在南京论学两件事合并在一起,使人们产生了迷惑和误解;而主观方面在于后人读书马虎,不假思索,不加质疑,仅根据钱德洪的编撰就认定徐爱必然有一次"黔中之行"而作了主观臆断。对徐爱"黔中之行"的追问和考证,有助于辨正和澄清阳明学术史上一个长达四百余年的错误,可以为当前王阳明和阳明后学研究提供有益启示和一定作用。

In the study of Wang Yangming and Post - Yangming school of thought, there exists a quite general point of view ： Xu Ai, Wang Yangrning＇ s famous early disciple, came to Longchang, Guizhou with Wang Yangming - a clear and search, it has found that ＂ unambiguous ＂Qianzhong Trip＂. Based on a Qianzhong Trip＂ by Xu Ai is without historical variety of relevant evidences from rebasis. The mistake came from the time when Qian Dehong was compiling the book, Wang Yangming Chronicle. Mr. Qian erroneously combined the two stories together when Wang Yangming began to take on learning with Xi Shu in Guiyang in the fourth year of Masanofi and when Xu Ai was talking on learning with Huang Wan and other scholars in Nanjing in the ninth year of Masanori, giving rise to the confusion and misunderstanding. Subjectively, the mistake came with some people＇ s sloppy reading without serious thinking and questioning, but solely based on what Qian Dehong was informing in the book. Hence, there came out the ＂Qianzhong Trip＂ by Xu Ai. The questioning and researching of Xu Ai＇ s trip to Qianzhong will help to clarify and correct the mistake existing for over 400 years in the history of Wang Yangming academic study, and can provide useful inspiration for Wang Yangming and Post - Yangming academic studies.