我国人口年龄结构与社会经济发展分析

An Analysis of the Age Structure of the Chinese People and the Social Economic Development in China

本文依据一个国家在不同经济发展阶段合理的人口年龄结构就我国人口年龄结构对社会经济发展的影响进行了分析。当前我国人口年龄结构中0-14岁少年儿童人口比例仅为16.41%,60及60岁以上老年人口比例高达14.90%,且少年儿童比例和老年人口比例均呈现出继续下降和上升的态势。这一人口年龄结构及发展态势将使我国的社会经济在发展中呈现出后续劳动力资源不足,经济活动人口短缺、经济活动人口老化等一系列问题。为了有效地降低我国人口年龄结构对社会经济发展的负面影响,本文从调整我国人口政策、延迟退休年龄、加强人力资本投资及建立适合我国国情的养老保障体制等方面提出了相应政策建议,以利于我国工业化进程的顺利完成和整个社会经济的可持续发展。

Based on the rational age structure at different economic development phase in a country, the present paper conducts an analysis of the impact of the age structure of the people in China on its social and economic development. Currently, in the age structure of the people in our country, the proportion of the children aged from 0 to 14 is only 16.41% , while the population of the old people aged 60 and above consists of 14.90% of the total. What＇s more, the proportion of the children continues to drop, while that of the old is still rising. This age structure of the population in China and its continuous development will lead to a series of problems insufficient human resources for social and economic development in the years to come, shortage of people for eco- nomic activities, and the ageing of the population for economic activities. In order to reduce the negative impact on social and economic development by the age structure of the population, the present paper puts forward some relevant suggestions related to the change of population policy in our country, the postpone of the age for retirement, the enhancement of investment on human power, and the setting up old age insurance system suitable to the situation in China, so as to ensure the successful completion of industrialization in our country and to maintain the sustainable development of the whole society and economy.