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日本通识教育的理念与实践发展历程

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摘要 日本通识教育旨在培养学生多样化思维、丰富文化涵养和创新能力。其通识教育理念和实践的发展由来已久,根据通识教育的培养目标分别划分为四个阶段:明治维新时期以“培养工业实用人才”为特征的酝酿阶段、“二战”前以“有教养的人”为特征的的启蒙阶段、“二战”后以“培养负责任的社会公民”为特征的的刚性化阶段、二十世纪九十年代至今以“培养全面创新人才”为特征的的弹性化阶段。
出处 《教育史研究辑刊》 2014年第2期89-92,共4页
基金 2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金:港澳台职业技术院校通识教育模式比较研究(编号:11YJA880072) 全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题:周边国家科技院校通识教育模式比较研究(课题批准号DIA110274).
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参考文献14

  • 1大塚丰,年智英.全球化时代对日本大学博雅教育的若干思考[J].比较教育研究,2009,30(1):1-6. 被引量:6
  • 2李思婉.日本大学通识教育研究.北方工业大学硕士论文,2002(10).
  • 3明治五年(1872年),太政官布告第214号公布的《学制》第三十八章.
  • 4木村匡.森有礼传.教育报知,1888(07).
  • 5陆一.教养与文明-日本通识教育小史.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1999.113,129,148,143.
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  • 10简井清忠.近现代日本的教养论.1993.83,85.

二级参考文献15

  • 1Pre-war Higher Education System in Japan Consisted of 3 Year Universities, 3 Year Higher Schools and 3 Year Specialized Schools. Universities Were Considered as Institutions of Specialized or Professional Education. Higher Schools Were Supposed to Provide Higher General Education, While Specialized Schools Were Supposed to Provide Specialized or Professional Education at a level Lower Than that Provided at Universities.
  • 2Senroku Uehara, Daigakuron ( On University ) (Tokyo: Mainichi Newspaper Publisher, 1949), p.57.p.59.
  • 3Shigeru Nanbara, Bunka to Kokka (Culture and State) (Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1957), p.46.
  • 4Report of the United States Education Mission to Japan (Translated by Watanabe, A kira) (Tokyo: Meguro Shoten Co. Ltd., 1947), p.69.
  • 5Daigaku Kijun Kyokai (Japan University Accreditation Assoeiation ) (ed.), Daigakn Niokeru Ippan Kyoiku ( General Education in Universities). (Tokyo: Daigaku Kijun Kyokai, 1950), p.6.
  • 6Ryoichi Kuroha. “Daigaku Setti Kijun Unyo No Kiseki to Kongo.” (History of Operating the Standards for the Establishment of Universities and its Future)IDE Gendai No Koto Kyoiku (IDE Contemporary Higher Education)(Tokyo: Minshu Kyoiku Kyokai, September 1991), p, 12.
  • 7124 Credits Are Required for the Four Year Courses, While 188 Credits for 6 Year Courses of Medicine and Dentistry and 182 Credits for 6 Year Courses of Veterinary.
  • 8“Daigaku Kaikaku no Sinchoku Jyokyo” (Present Situation of University Reform). Daigaku Siryo (Documentaion on Universities). 1994, 28-29p.30.
  • 9NIAD-UE Was First Established as a National Organization to Impart Degrees to Those Who Graduated from University Equivalent Institutions. It Was then Reorganized Into Its Present Status in 2000.
  • 10NIAD-U E. Kokuritsu Daigaku Niokeru Kyoyo Kyoiku no Torikumi No Genjyo (Present Status of Efforts Conceming Liberal Education in National Universities) (Tokyo: NIAD-UE, 2001), p.12.p30.

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