无核葡萄胚挽救培养污染防治的初步研究

Preliminary Research on Prevention of Contamination in Embryo Rescue of Seedless Grapes

无核葡萄是当今国际葡萄消费和生产的重要方向之一,胚挽救技术是无核葡萄育种的重要手段;无核葡萄胚珠离体培养中,污染现象时有发生,严重阻碍了无核葡萄胚挽救育种的效率。以"皇家秋天"、"红宝石无核"、"无核翠宝"等种子败育型无核葡萄品种自然授粉幼果为材料,进行的无核葡萄胚挽救培养过程中胚珠内胚培养阶段污染影响因素及抑菌培养试验结果表明,75%乙醇浸泡30s+1%HgCl2溶液浸泡6min的消毒处理对无核葡萄胚珠内培养的效果较好;胚珠培养的接种密度对污染有一定的影响;胚形成培养基MM4+香蕉泥500mg·L-1添加0.1g·L-1高锰酸钾的抑菌效果较好。

Seedless grape is one of the important trends in grape consumption and production in the world today.Embryo rescue technique is the primary means for genetic improvement in seedless grapes.However,the contamination,which often occurs in the breeding process of in vitro culture of seedless grape,has seriously hindered the efficiency of seedless grape embryo rescue breeding.Therefore,the factors of contamination in the embryo development stage in seedless grape embryo rescue were investigated.The antibacterial culture experiments were also conducted.The results showed that the surface-sterilized way of 75% ethanol for 30s＋ 0.1% HgCl2 for 6min was better.Simultaneously,the seeding density of the ovule culture could also affect the contamination in the breeding process of embryo rescue of seedless grape.It has also been found that the antibacterial effect was good when MM4 ＋ mashed-banana 500mg·L-1 was applied as embryo development media by the addition of 0.1g·L-1 potassium permanganate.So,it effectively solved the problem of contamination in the breeding process of embryo rescue of seedless grape.