乙醇-水体系中活性染料无盐低碱染色技术的探索

Investigation on Reactive Dyeing with Salt-free and Low-alkali in Ethanol-water System

采用活性染料在乙醇-水混合溶剂体系中对棉织物进行染色、固色,探讨了碱预溶胀和一浴两步法两种染色方式及固色碱的种类、浓度、固色温度等对染色性能的影响,并与传统染色工艺比较。结果表明：在乙醇-水染色体系中,随着乙醇比例的增加,上染率增加;使用氢氧化钠和碳酸钠两种碱预溶胀棉织物后,相同浓度下,碳酸钠的固色率高于氢氧化钠,而且氢氧化钠的固色率随着浓度的增加而减小;一浴二步法染色中,采用80%体积分数的乙醇-水体系染色更符合实际生产的需求,氢氧化钠的适宜固色浓度为2g/L,碳酸钠的适宜固色浓度为3g/L;在乙醇水体系染色中,不需加盐,碱使用量为常规染色的1/10时,上染率为97%,固色率比常规染色高出9%~20%。

Cotton fabrics were dyed with reactive dyes in ethanol-water mixed solvent system. The effects of alkali pre-swelling and one bath two step process on dyeing behavior were explored,as well as the type,concentration,fixation temperature of alkali. The dyeing result was compared with traditional dyeing process. The results showed that dye uptake increased with the increasing of ethanol proportion in ethanol-water system; the fixation of sodium carbonate was higher than that of sodium hydroxide after the fabrics were pre-swelled by the same alkaline concentration. In contrast to sodium carbonate,the fixation of sodium hydroxide was reduced with increase of concentration. In one bath two step process,dyeing with 80% volume fraction of ethanol in ethanol-water system was more suitable for the needs of manufacture; the optimal fixation concentration of sodium hydroxide was 2g / L,while the optimal fixation concentration of sodium carbonate was 3g / L. In ethanol-water dyeing system,dyeing process was salt-free and the dosage of alkali was 1 /10 of the conventional dyeing; the dye uptake was 97%,and the fixation was 9%-20% higher than that of conventional dyeing. Besides,