论马克思对现代政治结构的批判与超越

On Marx's Critique and Transcendence of Modern Politics Structure

现代性的启蒙辩证法为现代社会埋下危机的种子,现代社会危机的实质是现代政治危机。现代政治对于古典政治的反叛决定了现代社会不再寻求社会的整体性正义理念,转而关注实现正义的具体条件,人类社会被肢解为以自然竞争为法则的"私人领域"和以理性自律为法则的"公共领域"。马克思的现代政治批判不仅揭示了现代社会危机的现代性基因,而且阐发了现代社会危机与现代政治结构的内在关联,并在此基础上,建构一种既植根古典政治哲学传统又融合现代政治元素的新型政治形态。马克思对于现代政治结构的批判与超越,为当代政治哲学寻求破解现代政治难题、克服现代社会危机的理论道路提供了重要的思想资源。

The enlightenment dialectics of modernity sows crisis for modern society. The essence of crisis in modern society is the crisis of modern politics,because the modern politics＇ rebel to classic politics decides modern society no longer to pursuit the totally justice idea,but to pursuit the concrete condition of justice instead,as a result,the society is dismembered into ＂individual area＂which is ruled by natural competition and ＂common area＂which is ruled by rational self- discipline. Marx＇s critique of modern politics not only reveals the modernity gene in modern society crisis,and also expounds the relationship between the modern society crisis and modern politics structure. Based on this critique,Marx reconstructs a kind of new politics form which is rooted in the classical politics philosophy and also integrates the modern politics elements。Marx＇s critique and transcendence of modern politics structure supports important thinking resources for contemporary politics philosophy to pursuit a theory road that to solve the puzzles of modern politics and to conquer the crisis of modern society.