基于集中指数和泰尔指数评价山东省妇幼保健资源分布及儿童健康公平性

Analysis on the Equity of Distribution of Maternal and Child Health Care Resource and Children's Health Equity in Shandong Province Based on Concentration Index and Theil Index

目的分析评价山东省妇幼保健资源分布及儿童健康水平的公平性。方法主要利用集中指数、集中曲线和泰尔指数进行测算。结果妇幼保健机构数、妇幼保健机构床位数、妇幼保健机构卫生人员数的集中指数CI分别为:0.2078、0.1728、0.1298。表明山东省妇幼保健资源向经济水平较高的地区倾斜的趋势明显,地区之间妇幼保健资源的分布不合理。泰尔指数显示导致山东省总体妇幼保健资源配置不公平和5岁以下儿童健康不公平的主要因素是山东省东、中、西部地区区域内的不公平。5岁以下儿童死亡率的集中指数CI为0.1782,5岁以下儿童人口基数大的地区和经济水平较低的地区死亡率明显偏高,经济水平高的地区和5岁以下人口基数小的地区5岁以下儿童死亡率较低。结论山东省妇幼保健资源的配置存在地区性差异,存在不公平现象。山东省5岁以下儿童健康水平存在不公平性,应进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率,提高儿童健康的公平性。

Objective The study aimed to analyze and evaluate distribution fairness of maternal and child health re- sources and the children＇s health equity in Shandong Province. Methods The main calculation methods were concentration index, concentration curve and Theil index. Results The concentration index of maternal and child health care institutions, maternal and child health care beds, maternal and child health institutions health workers in Shandong province, were：0. 2078,0. 1728 and 0. 1298. That showed that Shandong＇s maternal and child health care resources inclined to higher economic level area, distri- bution of maternal and child health care resources among regions was unreasonable. Theil index showed the main factor of the overall maternal and child health care resources allocation injustice in Shandong was within the eastern, central and western re- gions, the same with the health of children under 5 years old. Under 5 mortality rate＇s concentration index was 0. 1782, show that lower economic level area and large population base area had higher mortality, higher economic level area and small population base area had lower mortality. Conclusion There were regional differences of maternal and child health care resources allocation in Shandong, existed unfair phenomenon. The health level of children under 5 years old in Shandong province existed unfair- ness,the mortality of children under 5 years old should be further reduced and children＇s health fairness should be improved.