湖北省咸宁市某社区入园、入学儿童预防接种证查验情况分析

Analysis on children vaccination certificate inspection in kindergarten and primary schools in Xianning City of Hubei Province

目的了解湖北省咸宁市某社区内新入园、入学儿童预防接种情况,减少漏种,提高儿童免疫规划疫苗全程覆盖率。方法 2012年9月对咸宁市某社区内所有新入园、入学儿童1121名进行查验预防接种证。查验人员由经培训后的幼儿园、学校校医和社区内预防接种医生组成,负责查验儿童预防持证、接种情况,以自行设计的调查表,由负责查验的专业人员当场做好记录,用SPSS 18.0进行统计分析。结果新入园儿童281人,持证281人,持证率100%;基础免疫完成人数256人,完成率91.0%;加强免疫完成人数248人,完成率88.2%;新入学儿童840人,完成基础免疫710人,完成率84.5%;加强免疫完成人数425人,完成率50.6%;无证儿童42人,占3.8%;基础免疫漏种疫苗主要有乙肝疫苗、脊灰疫苗、麻风疫苗和百白破,加强免疫漏种主要是白破二联和流脑A+C。结论辖区内入园、入学的适龄儿童在入园、入学前存在基础免疫和加强免疫漏种及无证现象,对入园、入学前儿童接种管理还有待加强。对未完成国家免疫规划的新入园、入学儿童应采取补种措施。

Objective To understand the status of children vaccination among new comers in kindergarten and primary schools, and provide evidence for reducing vaccine leakage and improving child immunization programs. Methods In September 2012, all new comers in kindergarten and primary schools （1121） were checked their vaccination cards. Investigators were composed by trained doctors in kindergartens, schools and community. They checked children vaccination cards, vaccination status by using self-designed questionnaire on the spots. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results 281 new kindergarten children were investigated, and 100% of them hold the vaccination cards. Among them, 256 children had complete basic immunization and thecompletion rate was 91.0%. 248 children finished strengthen immune and the completion rate was 88. 2%. Among 840 new primary school children, 710 of them completed basic immune and the completion rate was 84. 5%. 425 children finished strengthen immune and thecompletion rate was 50. 6%, 42 children had no vaccination card, accounting for 3.8%. Basic vaccine leakage included hepatitis B, polio, leprosy and DTAP, strengthen vaccine leakage included Tetanus-Diphtheria combined vaccine and meningitis A ＋ C vaccine. Condusion Vaccine leakage including primary immunization, strengthen immunization and no vaccine card were found among new comer children in kin- dergartens and primary schools. Vaccine related management should be strengthened. For children failure in complete national immunization programs, re-vaccination should be taken to avoid vaccine leakage.