2008—2012年福建省宁德市手足口病流行特征与防控对策

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningde City of Fujian Province,2008-2012

目的了解2008—2012年福建省宁德市手足口病疫情流行病学特征,为科学防控手足口病提供依据。方法采用Excel 2003、SPSS 17.0软件,分析宁德市2008—2012年手足口病发病情况,并描述疾病三间分布等流行特征。结果 2008—2012年全市共报告手足口病25 836例,累计重症145例,死亡8例,年均发病率为170.71/10万,发病率呈逐年增加趋势;发病以散居儿童为主,绝大多数病例为5岁以下儿童（95.62%）,发病主要集中在4—11月,发病率以蕉城区最高。共检测手足口病阳性标本789例,其中EV71型占51.97%,CoxA16型占19.77%,其他肠道病毒占28.26%,其他肠道病毒构成比呈逐年递增,死亡病例均为EV71型感染。结论宁德市2008—2012年手足口病发病以0-3岁婴幼儿为主,发病率呈逐年递增。2011、2012年手足口病流行毒株发生变化,其他肠道病毒逐渐占优势。在现有情况下,今后仍可能持续高发,根据发病季节、人群和地区差异,在流行季节前应加强重点目标人群健康教育和重点县（市、区）疾病监测及防控措施的落实,减少感染机会,降低手足口病的发病率和病死率。

Objective To understand hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） epidemiological characteristics in Ningde City of Fujian Province during 2008 - 2012, and provide basis for prevention and control methods. Methods Incidences of HFMD in Ningde City from 2008 to 2012 were analyzed by using Ecxel 2003 and SPSS 17. 0 software, and three-dimension dis- tribution in epidemiology was described. Results During 2008 -2012, a total of 25 836 HFMD cases were reported, including 145 severe cases and 8 death cases, with average annual incidence rate of 170. 7/106, the morbidity was increasing year by year. The highest proportion of cases was the children living scattered, 95.62% of them were less than 5 years old. Most of cases occurred in April to November, and the highest morbidity was Jiaocheng District. A total of 789 HFMD cases were posi- tive samples, in which EV71 type virus accounted for 51.97%, CoxA16 virus accounted for 19. 77%, other intestinal virus caused accounted for 28.26%. While other intestinal virus was increasing year by year, and all death cases were caused by EV71 infection. Conclusion In Ningde City, the most HFMD cases were children less than 3 years old during 2008 - 2012. The morbidity was increasing year by year. HFMD epidemic strain changed in 2011, 2012, other intestinal virus gradually became dominant virus. In the current environment, it may be stayed in continuing high incidence. The implementation of key population health education and key counties （cities, districts） disease surveillance, prevention and control measures should be strengthened according to season, population and area before the epidemic to reduce infection and the morbidity of HFMD.