圆盘入渗仪法测定不同利用方式土壤渗透性试验研究

Experimental Study on Soil Infiltration Characteristics Using Disc Permeameter

介绍了一种田间定量测定土壤渗透性的新方法——圆盘入渗仪法。应用该法和双环法对黄土丘陵区土壤不同利用方式 (果园、农地、灌木、草地、林地 )下的土壤渗透性进行了对比研究 ,并对比分析了该方法的优缺点。结果表明 :在该试验条件下 ,不同利用方式下土壤的孔性及渗透性有明显差别。土壤有效孔径以灌木地最大 ,为农地的 5 .7倍 ,果园的 3.5倍 ;其次为林地和草地 ,为农地的 4倍多 ,果园的 2 .5倍多。果园的最初入渗率最大 ,是林地的3倍 ,草地的 5倍。稳定入渗率大小顺序为 :果园 >农地 >灌木 >草地 >林地。灌木地的导水率是农地的 1.5倍 ,是林地的 3倍多 ;草地和果园的土壤导水率是农地的 1.2倍 ,是林地的 2 .8倍。两种方法测定的入渗率结果具有显著的线性相关性。说明圆盘入渗仪法适合于黄土丘陵区各种利用类型土壤的入渗测定。

A new kind of soil infiltration measurement method in field, i.e., disc permeameter, was introduced in this paper. Soil infiltration characteristics of different land use types in the loess hilly gullied area were studied using this new method and traditional double rings method. The advantages and disadvantages of these two methods were also compared. The result showed that the characteristics of soil pore and infiltration were obviously different with different land use types in the condition of the experiment. Shrub land had the highest soil characteristic mean pore size, which was 5.7 times of that in cropland and 3.5 times of that in orchard. Compared with shrub land, soil characteristic mean pore size in woodland and grassland was in the next place, which was 4 times of cropland and more than 2.5 times of orchard. Orchard has the highest infiltration rate, which was 3 times of woodland and 5 times of grassland. The sequence of stable infiltration rate in different land use types was orchard>cropland>shrub land>grassland>woodland. The soil hydraulic conductivity in shrub land was 1.5 times of cropland and 3 times of woodland. The soil hydraulic conductivity in grassland and orchard was 1.2 times of cropland and 2.8 times of woodland. The results on soil infiltration rate measured using these two methods had significantly linear correlation. The experimental result showed that disc permeameter was suitable for soil infiltration measurement in different landuse types in the loess hilly gullied area. The new method had great advantage in measuring topsoil infiltration of 0～30 cm with its merit of labour saving, water saving, time saving and accuracy.