大连市社区活动现状及对居民主观幸福感的影响

Current situation of community activities and their imapct on the residents' subjective well-being in Dalian City

目的考察大连市社区活动建设对居民主观幸福感的影响,从而为社区文化建设提供指导。方法采用方便抽样法,在大连市内5个区选择10个有代表性的小区,每个小区调查20户居民,共200户居民,调查内容包括自编《社区活动状况调查》、《生活满意度量表(SWLS)》、《积极情感和消极情感量表(PANAS)》、《一般健康问卷(GHQ-28)》,收回有效问卷196份。结果每天都参与社区活动的人数为43人(21.9%),活动持续时间为30 min^2 h的人数分布最多(60%),居民最常参与活动项目前3位分别为走步(55.7%)、棋牌(23.2%)、跑步(18.6%),社区活动主要以个人(16.3%)和自发组织(69.4%)为主,政府(5.1%)和物业组织(5.1%)较少;锻炼身体是居民参与社区活动最主要的吸引因素(36.3%),制约因素中缺少时间(35.7%)、缺少设备(25.3%)和缺乏组织(23.0%)分别排在前3位;人口因素中,年龄与活动次数(r=0.283)和活动持续时间(r=0.176)均呈显著相关,月收入与活动持续时间呈显著相关(r=0.211),不同性别组参加活动次数具有显著差异(Z=-2.805,P=0.005),有无工作组在活动持续时间上呈显著差异(Z=-2.376,P=0.018),不同文化程度组在活动持续时间上存在显著差异(Z=6.701,P=0.035);活动次数与生活满意度、积极情感存在显著相关,系数分别为0.229和0.182,相关水平不高。活动持续时间与消极情感存在显著正相关,相关系数为0.162。结论居民参与社区活动的积极性较高,形式丰富多样,但居民对现有社区活动的组织状况满意程度较低。参与社区活动有助于提高居民社区满意度和积极情感,但不能降低居民的消极情感。

Objective To understand impact of community activities on residents＇ subjective well-being,and provide guidance for the construction of community culture. Methods Using convenient sampling method,ten communities were chosen in Dalian. Twenty households were surveyed in each community, and total 196 valid questionnaires collected. SWLS,PANAS,and GHQ-28 were used for subjective well-being analysis. Results 21. 9% residents participated in community activities every day,the activity duration mainly distributed in 30 min to 2 h（ 60%）,residents most often participated in walking（ 55. 7%）,chess（ 23. 2%）,and runs（ 18. 6%）,individual participation（ 16. 3%） and spontaneous organization（ 69. 4%） are the main organization form of community activities,the government（ 5. 1%） and property（ 5. 1%） were less involved in; exercise is the most important attract factor for residents to participate community activities（ 36. 3%）,and lack of time（ 35. 7%）,lack of equipment（ 25. 3%） and lack of organization（ 23. 0%） are the main restriction factors; the correlations between age and the frequency of activity（ r = 0. 283）,activity duration were both statistical significantly（ r = 0. 176）,income and activity duration were significantly correlated（ r = 0. 211）,different gender groups had significant differences in activity frequency（ Z =- 2. 805,P = 0. 005）. Working group and no working group showed significant differences in activity duration（ Z =- 2. 376,P = 0. 018）. The residents who have different education level had significant differences in the activity duration（ Z = 6. 701,P = 0. 035）. The correlations between activity frequency and life satisfaction,positive emotions were statistical significantly,r = 0. 229,r = 0. 182 respectively. The related level was not high. There was a significant positive correlation between the activity duration and negative emotion,r =0. 162. Conclusion Residents were willing to participate in community activities. However,they were unsatisfied with the organization of community activities. To participate in community activities is helpful to improve the subjective well-being and positive emotion,but not be able to reduce the negative emotion. In order to promote the community,we need the coordination of government; reinforce the management of facilities and new staffs; employee an effective supervision mechanism.