基于Bernstein运动协调观的优秀女子铁饼运动员“神经-肌肉”协调能力特征研究

Characteristics of Neuromuscular Coordination Ability in Elite Women Athletes of Discus Throwing Based on Bernstein's Theoretical Perspectives of Motor Coordination

对我国女子铁饼运动员掷铁饼动作中主要肌肉肌电信号进行采集,采用非负矩阵分解方法对其进行非负分解与降维,获得Bernstein运动协调理论体系下的运动协调结构体及其活动程度概念的量化指标,并且从它们与运动成绩间的关系中探讨优秀女子铁饼运动员"神经-肌肉"协调能力的特征。研究显示,掷铁饼动作中,肌肉的活动主要受到4种贡献率各异的运动协调结构体支配,它们的构成与活动方式有所差异,具备实现该动作中重要运动任务的功能。优秀女子运动员"神经-肌肉"协调能力特征表现为,部分运动协调结构体较高的活动强度或适宜的活动时机,它们通过作用于人体扭紧姿态以及最后用力等重要任务,实现效果对掷铁饼动作运动成绩产生影响。基于Bernstein运动协调观的"神经-肌肉"协调能力诊断与评价具有鲜明特点以及可行性,值得在专项技术训练以及重大赛事科研攻关服务实践中应用。

Several main muscle＇s electromyographic signals of elite women athletes in discus throwing were collected,and then decomposed by nonnegativematrix decomposition method,from which the quantitative indicators of coordinative structure and its active level which belong to Bernstein＇s theoretical per-spectives of motor coordination were obtained to discuss the characteristics of neuromuscular coordination ability in elite women athletes of discus throwing.The results showed that there were four coordinative structures had been activated,which covering the whole motion process,and showing four kinds of func-tional units about muscle collaboration,which committed to implement the all tasks of this skill;and the change of some coordinative structures activity timeor intensity had a significant influence on discus throwing performance by acting on the important tasks of this skill such as block posture and delivery effects.The diagnosis and evaluation of neuromuscular coordination ability of athletes based on Bernstein＇s theoretical perspectives of motor coordination has distinc-tive characteristics and feasibility,which is worth of applying to practice of technical training and scientific research service for the big games.