运动灵敏素质结构模型研究——以男子大学生为例

Structure Model of Agility in Sports:Male Undergraduates as an Example

灵敏素质是一项十分重要的素质,但由于灵敏素质的复杂性,对其结构的认识还不够深入,而对灵敏素质的结构进行研究是全面、深入地认识灵敏素质本质的必由之路。以前人的研究成果和运动训练学相关理论为基础,以对体育教育训练学方面的11位专家的调查为依据,初步选定灵敏素质,并据此对237名在校大学生进行测试,对测试数据进行探索性因子分析与验证性因子分析。结论:大学生灵敏素质模型由改变方向能力、变换动作能力和协调性3个因素构成,三者的因素负荷量之比为77:91:89;改变方向能力对应的测试指标为伊利诺伊和十字变向跑,2个测试指标的因素负荷量之比为69:83;变换动作能力对应的测试指标为立卧撑、俯卧起立和坐地拍手起,3个观测变量的因素负荷量之比为52:50:71;协调性对应的测试指标为"手舞足蹈"和反复横跨,2个观测变量的的因素负荷量之比为80:46。从实证的角度论证了灵敏素质的结构特征,模型源于人们对灵敏素质的认识,模型与大学生实测数据的拟合较好,灵敏素质结构理论模型得到了初步验证,大学生运动灵敏素质结构方程模型的构建初步奠定了灵敏素质测评的方法学基础,同时也为研究运动员灵敏素质结构提供了依据。

Agility is an important physical quality in sports. However,studies about its structure were not profound enough due to its complexity. Study on thestructure of agility was the only way to comprehensively understand agility. Based on the basis of the former researches and sports training theories,and by in-vestigating 11 PE specialists,this paper selected the testing methods of agility primarily. 237 undergraduates voluntarily took part in the tests. By the methodsof exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis,the structure of agility was constituted by three factors,which were direction changing ability,varying movement ability and coordination. The factor weights were 77,91 and 89,respectively. The observed variables of direction changing ability were Illi-nois and run cross,the factor weights of them were 69 and 83. Squat-abdominal bracing-jump up,prostrate-get up and sit-clap-get up were the observedvariables of varying movement ability,their factor weights were 52,50 and 71,respectively. The observed variables of coordination were dance with joy andacross repeatedly,which factor weights were 80：46. This paper showed the structure characteristics of agility with the help of empirical research survey. Themodel was derived from the PE experts＇ cognition,which was verified by the results of undergraduates＇ experiment. The structural model of agility had beeninitially proved by the undergraduate＇s experiment,which laid a solid foundation to measures and evaluate agility,and which also provided a basis for study-ing the structure of agility in the athletes.