以正念接受为基础的心理干预对散打运动员表现提高的影响——一项单被试试验设计研究

Effect of Psychological Intervention Based on Mindfulness-Acceptance on the Sanda Athletes' Performance:A Single-Case Design Study

为了追求最佳的表现水平,运动员通常将运动技能训练作为首选方法来提高比赛成绩。然而,以正念-接受为基础干预方法的出现,尤其是在运动心理学领域的深入发展,为运动员提高运动表现提供了一个新的范式。MAC是通过一个7周的干预来提高运动员不加判断的注意,培养经验接受的能力,并且促进关注任务的注意来促使运动员尽管在感到消极内部体验的时候也能有理想的表现。以3名散打运动员为参与者,尝试在MAC的基础上,加入中国文化的元素,如觉悟、忘我行为等概念,通过采用多重基线水平的ABAB单被试试验设计,检验心理干预对运动员正念水平、接受水平和运动表现的影响。评估量表主要采用《五因素正念量表》和《接受和行动问卷》。表明,3名运动员的正念水平得到提高,接受水平得到改善,来自运动员的半结构访谈报告以及教练员的评估问卷评价也验证了干预的效果。比赛成绩较好地反映了运动员表现水平的提升,试验干预基本证实了研究假设。

In quest for peak performance,athletes have traditionally engaged in performance skills training as the primary intervention strategy for enhancingathletic performance. However,mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies have been developed to serve this purpose. It is a new paradigm for enhancingathletic performance. The Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment（MAC）approach for performance enhancement is a seven-week protocol that works to en-hance athletes＇ nonjudgmental awareness,cultivates experiential acceptance,and improves task-focused attention so that athletes learn they can reach peakperformance despite negative internal states. Based on MAC approach,Chinese culture elements were added into this study,like insight and forgetting-self,etc. This study used ABBA multiple-baseline single-case design to examine the effect of intervention on the three Sanda athletes who participated in this inter-vention in enhancing their mindfulness and acceptance levels,and also performance. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and The Acceptance and Ac-tion Questionnaire are used for evaluation. Experimental data showed that athletes all enhanced their mindfulness and they all improved their acceptance. Thesemi-structured interviews and The Observation Form from coach also confirmed the effect of intervention. And the competition results actually reflected theenhancement of athletes＇ performance. The hypothesis of intervention was confirmed in this study.