流动人口健康状况及相关知识行为调查

Survey on health status,knowledge and related behavior among mobile population

目的了解流动人口健康状况及相关知识行为,以探索健康教育和健康促进的有效途径。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法,对北京市朝阳区、浙江省杭州市江干区和广东省深圳市龙华新区5大场所流动人口进行问卷调查。结果共调查456人,其中北京157例人(34.4%)、杭州150例人(32.9%)和深圳149例人(32.7%)。其中工厂调查了88人(19.3%),建筑工地调查了90人(19.7%),餐厅调查了95人(20.8%),宾馆调查了95人(20.8%),集贸市场调查了88人(19.3%)。2周患病率为39.3%,其中最高为建筑工地的流动人口(55.6%),最低为宾馆的流动人口(25.3%)(P<0.01)。年住院率为10.7%;自评健康状况"好"的比例为50.0%;自觉压力很大为29.8%。常见病防治知识全部知晓率为11.0%。89.0%比例有职业危害防护培训的需求,实际接受过职业危害防护岗前培训的比例只有43.2%。调查对象生活方式及行为中的吸烟、经常吃早餐、经常食用水果、体育锻炼、规律刷牙、进食前洗手和如厕后洗手的比例分别为34.5%、75.2%、62.1%、24.3%、69.7%、83.6%和92.5%。结论研究对象健康知识匮乏,自我保护意识较差,应针对流动人口中存在的健康问题及需求,开展各种形式的健康教育、健康促进活动,使其提高保健意识,养成健康的生活方式。

Objective To learn health status,health knowledge and related health behavior among mobile population,so as to search for effective strategy of health education and health promotion among them. Methods The study was conducted in 5 districts including Chaoyang County of Beijing City,Jianggan County of Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province and Longhuaxinqu County of Shenzhen City in Guangdong Province by multi-stage random sampling. Results A total of 456 subjects were enrolled in the study,including 157（ 34. 4%） in Beijing City,150（ 32. 9%） in Zhejiang Province and149（ 32. 7%） in Guangdong Province. 88（ 19. 3%） subjects are working in the factory,90（ 19. 7%） are working at construction sites,95（ 20. 8%） at restaurant,another 95（ 20. 8%） working in the hotel and 88（ 19. 3%） are working in the market. The prevalence of sickness in recent two weeks was 39. 3% among mobile population,with highest among people working at construction sites（ 55. 6%） and lowest among people working in hotels（ 25. 3%）（ P〈0. 01）. The yearly prevalence of sickness was 10. 7%. Among them,50. 0% of respondents think they are in good health compare with29. 8% are stressed. According to the survey on life habits,34. 5% of the respondents are smoking,75. 2% have the habit of eating breakfast,62. 1% always have fruits,24. 3% do the sports,69. 7% brush the teeth regularly,83. 6% wash hands before eating as well as 92. 5% wash hands after using the toilet. The subjects were short of health related knowledge,as only 50 subjects（ 11. 0%） knew all knowledge on the prevention and control of common diseases. 89% of subjects have the requirement of the training on occupational harm prevention,however,only 43. 2% have it. Conclusion Different kinds of health education and health promotion activities should be conducted according to health problems and requirements among mobile population,so as to improve their health care consciousness and help them develop healthy lifestyles.