健康信念模式在冠心病住院患者健康教育中的应用研究

Application of health belief model of health education on inpatients with coronary heart disease

目的探讨健康信念模式在冠心病住院患者健康教育中的应用。方法采用随机数法选择260例冠心病患者,随机分为干预组和对照组,每组130例,对照组给予常规治疗和健康教育,干预组在对照组基础上实施健康促进模式。随访干预6个月后,比较2组患者冠心病相关知识知晓率、遵医行为及生活质量。结果干预前,2组患者冠心病相关知识知晓率、遵医行为、生活质量各维度评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,干预组患者对冠心病的病因(78.5%),主要临床症状(84.6%),主要危险因素(71.5%),日常预防知识(80.8%),合理用药知识(87.7%),治疗方法 (73.1%),自我救护方法 (90.8%)以及定期复检的重要性(86.2%)等知识知晓率均高于对照组及自身干预前(P<0.01)。干预组患者戒烟戒酒(63.1%),合理饮食(73.8%),合理用药(85.4%),保持良好的心态(75.4%),加强锻炼与运动(79.2%),规律作息(81.5%),定期复检(84.6%)等遵医行为均高于对照组及自身干预前(P<0.01)。干预组患者生理功能(64.2±16.2)等生活质量评均高于自身干预前评分及对照组评分(P<0.01)。结论应用健康信念模式可以提高冠心病住院患者的疾病认知水平和遵医行为,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To explore the application of health belief model（ HBM） in health education on inpatients with coronary heart disease. Methods According to the method of random numbers,260 patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group,130 patients in each group,the control group was given conventional medical treatment and regular health education,the intervention group received HBM intervention. After 6 months intervention,patients were investigated for the cognitive level of disease,compliance behavior and quality of life. Results Before the intervention,there was no difference on the cognitive level of disease,compliance behavior and the quality of life between two groups（ P〉0. 05）. After 6 months intervention, knowledge of cause of disease（ 78. 5%）, main clinical symptoms（ 84. 6%）,main risk factors（ 71. 5%）,daily prevention knowledge（ 80. 8%）,rational drug use（ 87. 7%）,treatment of the disease（ 73. 1%）,self rescue method（ 90. 8%） and the importance of regular review（ 86. 2%） in intervention group were significantly higher than that in control group（ P〈0. 01）. The compliance behavior of quitting cigarettes and alcohol（ 63. 1%）,reasonable diet（ 73. 8%）,rational drug use（ 85. 4%）,keeping an open mind（ 75. 4%）,strengthening exercise and sports（ 79. 2%）,regular rest（ 81. 5%） and regular review（ 84. 6%） in intervention group were significantly higher than that in control group（ P〈0. 01）. The quality of life in each dimension score in intervention group such as physiological function（ 64. 2 ± 16. 2） was significantly higher than that in control group（ P〈0. 01）. Conclusion The health belief model of health education can improve the cognitive level of disease and the quality of life on inpatients with coronary heart disease,as well as the compliance behavior.