“中间道路”及其困境——1945-1960年美国“非殖民化”政策评析

The Middle-road Policy and Its Dilemma——A Study on the United States Policy Toward the Decolonization

二战后,非殖民化的迅速展开和冷战的爆发使美国在殖民地问题上面临着两难选择。1950年杜鲁门政府开始着手制定对策,艾森豪威尔上台提出"中间道路"政策。"中间道路"在实践中置"民族自决权"于不顾,执迷于冷战外交,日益走向保守,导致美国在联合国的"外交失败"。本文通过对从杜鲁门到艾森豪威尔政府时期的"非殖民化"政策的梳理和分析,勾勒了美国从"非殖民"原则退化为"中间道路",并逐渐走向保守的历程,揭示美国"支持民族自决"的虚伪性及理想主义和现实主义的固有矛盾。

With the rapid decolonization movement and the burst of cold war,the American Government faced a dilemma on the colony issue.In 1950,Harry Truman turned to formulate the policy,Dwight Eisenhower come up with a policy called middle-road.During its practice,its policy aimed at the cold war and trended to conservatism in spite of the self-determined rights of colony,which lead to the failure in the United Nations.This paper clarifies American changing policy toward the decolonization from Truman to Eisenhower,discloses non-decolonization principle is turned into the middle-road option and it conservative trend,and demonstrates the hypocrisy nature of American policy and its inherent conflict between idealism and realism.