春秋时期鲁国的官爵关系探析

On the Relationship Between the Official System of the Lu State and the Nobility System in the Spring and Autumn Period

从《左传》《国语》《周礼》等传世文献和相关金文中可以勾勒出春秋时期鲁国官制与爵制关系的概貌。春秋时期鲁国爵等与所任官位的高低大体上是一一对应的。随着数百年间官职的变化,爵等有时也小有变动。爵的地位明显居于官之上,鲁执政三卿的日常政治活动并不限于其任官的职能;在礼仪场所及外交场合中的地位排序亦由爵等来定。春秋时期"官"的作用更多是职司上的,而人们当时的社会地位则是由"爵"的高低来决定的。

According to Zuo Zhuan（ 《左传》,Chronicle of Zuo）,Guo Yu（ 《国语》,Anecdote of the Spring and Autumn Period）,Zhou Li（ 《周礼》,Rites of Zhou） and other historical documents and related inscriptions we can sketch out an overview of the relationship between the official system of Lu and the nobility system in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the State of Lu,the nobility rank and the official position are one to one correspondence. With the change of official position in hundreds of years,the rank of nobility sometimes has barely changed. The status of nobility is obviously on the top of official position.The political activities of three ruling ministers are not limited to any of their official functions; the status arrangement in ceremonial sites and diplomatic occasions is determined by the rank of nobility. The function of official is more in duties,while at that time the social status depends on the rank of nobility.