江汉平原易涝易渍农田不同种植模式的综合效益研究

Comprehensive Benefit Analysis of Different Planting Patterns of Waterlogging Farmland in Jianghan Plain

为解决江汉平原易涝易渍农田高效利用问题,于2012和2013年连续2年对荆州市一般渍害条件下西瓜、玉米、一般涝害条件下稻虾混作和严重涝害条件下薏苡单作3种新模式,与相同涝渍条件下传统种植方式中稻单作(CK)的综合效益进行了比较研究。结果表明,与中稻相比,3种涝渍稻田新模式的经济效益、土地生产率、劳动生产率和成本效率都得到了明显提高,其中西瓜、玉米模式表现尤为明显,其纯收入是中稻(CK1)的4.2倍,稻虾混作模式纯收入是中稻(CK2)的2.8倍,薏苡模式纯收入是中稻(CK3)的2.6倍。各涝渍条件下,新模式的CH4累积排放量均低于同条件下中稻,其中稻虾混作模式与同条件下中稻田CH4累积排放量差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),薏苡模式与同条件下中稻田CH4累积排放量差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。新模式既能明显减轻易涝易渍稻田的经济损失,提高经济收入,又能减少易涝易渍稻田中温室气体CH4的排放量,综合效益显著。

To better use the waterlogging farmland, the economic and ecological benefits produced in the watermelon-corn interplanting pattern under the surface wateflogging conditions, paddy field shrimp culture pattern under the general waterlogging conditions and coix monoculture pattern under the severe waterlogging conditions, were compared with the traditional rice monoculture pattern under the same waterlogging conditions respectively, by a two years field study experimental base of Yangtze University from 2012 to 2013. Results showed that the net income was increased to 4.2 times in the watermelon-corn interplanting pattern, 2.8 times in the paddy field shrimp culture pattern and 2.6 times in the coix monoculture pattern compared to the traditional rice monoculture pattern respectively. The cumulative CH4 emission from the watermelon-corn interplanting pattern, paddy field shrimp culture pattern and coix monoculture pattern was lower than the traditional rice monoculture pattem under the same waterlogging conditions. The cumulative CH4 emission from the paddy field shrimp culture pattern under the general waterlogging conditions and coix monoculture pattern under the severe waterlogging conditions was significantly low than the traditional rice monoculture pattern under the same waterlogging conditions respectively （P〈0.01 and P〈0.05）. The use of new planting pattern could produce more economic benefits and reduce CH, emission compared to the traditional rice monoculture pattern on the basis of waterlogging conditions, with remarkable integrated benefits.