基于减量与资源化家庭厨余垃圾堆肥参数研究

Parameters Optimization about Household Kitchen Waste Compost Based on Objective of Waste Reduction and Recycling

中国50%以上的生活垃圾为厨余垃圾,在家庭尺度进行厨余垃圾减量化、资源化处理对于城市生活垃圾综合管理具有重要意义。家庭处理机在国外广泛应用,但由于中国厨余垃圾的差异性,国外参数组合不能适用于国内家庭处理机研发。文章针对中国家庭厨余垃圾特点,对主要影响因子通风量、温度、菌剂及含水率进行正交控制试验,选择失重率为评价减量化效益指标,选择E4/E6、N、P、K含量为评价资源化效益指标,分别研究基于减量化与资源化目标的优化工艺参数组合。研究结果显示,含水率和温度对于减量化效果影响较大,高温、低含水率有利于厨余减重;而影响资源化效果主要为菌剂,具有很好的保磷和保钾作用。最后得到减量化效果最优组合:通风量为5 L/min、温度65℃、添加5 g菌剂、含水率63.4%;而资源化效果最佳组合为通风13 L/min、温度45℃、菌剂5 g、含水率为70.4%。

It is of significance for MSW integrated management that kitchen organic waste is reduced and recycled in household scale, because more than 50% of MSW is kitchen organic waste. Compost machine of household has been widely adopted abroad but the machine parameters are not suitable for development of domestic compost machine because of the differences of kitchen organic waste in China. In this study, orthogonal control experimental was designed with regard to the main impact factors of ventilation, temperature, microorganism and moisture content in view of characteristics of domestic kitchen organic waste. Then, the optimization process parameters were studied based on objective of waste reduction and recycling that weight loss rate was the indicator of waste reduction and EA/E6, N, P, K were indicators of waste recycling. Results demonstrated that the effect of waste reduction was affected by temperature and moisture content that high temperature and low moisture content were benefit to weight loss of kitchen waste. Waste recycling was affected by microorganism which was the inhibitor of P, K losses. Finally, optimal combination of waste reduction was ventilation of 5 L/ rain, temperature of 65 ℃, microorganism of 5 g and moisture content of 63.4%, and optimal combination of recycling was ventilation of 13 L/min, temperature of 45 ℃, microorganism of 5 g and moisture content of 70.4%.