湖北省三峡坝区农村妇女妊娠期贫血危险因素的病例对照研究

A case-control study on the risk factors of pregnancy anemia in rural area of the Three Gorges Dam,Hubei

目的探究影响湖北省三峡坝区农村妇女妊娠期发生贫血的危险因素,为其防治提供策略和措施。方法采用病例对照研究设计,收集2012年10月-2013年10月湖北省宜昌市夷陵区妇幼保健院新诊断妊娠期贫血患者为病例组,同期同一妇幼保健院年龄和妊娠期频数匹配非贫血妇女为对照组,同时收集相关危险因素的暴露情况。结果共搜集病例组284人,对照组368人。病例组和对照组的年龄、妊娠期分布差异无统计学意义。单因素分析显示孕期是否饮茶和是否接受过孕期营养指导的构成两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。而多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示怀孕前患贫血、怀孕胎次大于1、孕期饮茶、接受过孕期营养指导这4个变量进入了方程,其中危险因素怀孕前贫血、孕期饮茶对应的OR及其95%CI值分别为1.94（1.03-3.63）,2.14（1.26-3.62）。而保护因素为怀孕胎次大于1次、接受过孕期营养指导,它们对应的OR及其95%CI分别为0.63（0.43-0.92）,0.69（0.49-0.96）。结论孕期饮茶,孕前贫血是三峡坝区农村妇女妊娠期发生贫血的主要危险因素,而有关的健康指导可以有效减少其风险。

Objective To explore the risk factors of pregnancy anemia in rural area in the Three Gorges Dam.Methods A case-control study was conducted. All the pregnant anemia cases were newly diagnosed patients in Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from October 2012 to October 2013. The age and gestation period matched controls were recruited from the pregnant women without gestational anemia in the same period and hospital. The risk factors of pregnancy anemia were determined by Chi-square test and multivariable Logistic regression. Results The distributions of having tea during pregnancy and receiving nutrition guidance were significantly different between the cases and the controls in the univariate analyses. Multivariable Logistic regression analyses further indicated that having tea during pregnancy and anemia before pregnancy were main risk factors for pregnancy anemia with OR and 95% CI as 1. 94（ 1. 03-3. 63）,2. 14（ 1. 26-3. 62）,respectively. Pregnancy over one time and nutritional guidance were the major protective factors with OR and 95% CI as 0. 63（ 0. 43-0. 92）,0. 69（ 0. 49-0. 96）. Conclusions Tea consumption during pregnancy,anemia before pregnancy are the major risk factors for pregnancy anemia in rural area in the Three Gorges Dam,Hubei.