云南省2013年吸毒人群艾滋病行为调查分析

Analysis on the behavior characteristics related to HIV infection of drug users in Yunnan Province in 2013

目的了解云南省吸毒人群的艾滋病知晓率、相关危险行为及其影响因素,为制定干预策略和评估干预效果提供依据。方法强戒所采用固定场所连续抽样,社区采用"滚雪球"抽样对吸毒人员进行统一问卷调查,获得调查对象的人口学特征、艾滋病知晓率和行为学等信息。结果共调查吸毒人群13 969人,艾滋病知识知晓率为93.2%,男性、外省/外籍、文化程度偏低的吸毒者更倾向于共用针具。干预覆盖率为67.4%,社区干预覆盖率(86.4%)明显高于戒毒所(61.4%),吸毒人群接受检测并知晓结果的比例较低(27.8%)。与2002年云南省首轮行为调查相比,该人群不共用注射器的比例和安全套使用率明显提高。结论云南省吸毒人群对艾滋病基本知识的知晓率较高,但仍存在共用针具和不使用安全套的情况,血液传播和性传播的风险高。建议进一步提高美沙酮维持治疗、清洁针具交换和HIV检测的覆盖面,对检测结果及时准确告知。加强监管场所吸毒人群综合干预和吸毒人群安全性行为干预工作。

Objective To understand the awareness of HIV knowledge,behavior characteristics,and attitudes associated with HIV among drug users,and to provide effective advice to formulate HIV control and prevention measures.Methods Successive sampling method was used in permanent establishment,and snowball sampling was used in community. Use uniform questionnaire survey was to obtain the information of demographic data,knowledge about HIV / AIDS and HIV related behavior characteristics. Data were typed in Epi Data and were analyzed by SPSS 17. 0 software. Results13 969 drug users were investigated,including intravenous drug users（ 51. 0%）. Awareness of knowledge about AIDS was93. 2%,Male,education level,provincial / foreign people were more inclined to share needles. The total coverage ratio of intervene was 67. 4%. Among this,the coverage of intervene in community（ 86. 4%） was much higher than the coverage of addiction treatment centre（ 61. 4%）. The proportion of awareness of HIV knowledge and testing in drug users was relatively low. Compared with the first round of survey in Yunnan province in 2002,the proportion of the population who did not share syringes and condom use increased significantly. Conclusions The awareness rate of HIV in Yunnan province among drug users is high,but HIV related risk behaviors such as sharing syringes and no use of condom in commercial sexual behaviors still exit. Accepted interventions and HIV testing rates are low. The surveillance system should be further implemented,and the Methadone treatment and needle exchange programs should be imperatively enlarged. Besides,it is needed to intensify propaganda,increase the testing coverage,and inform the result timely,improve condom use,and promote drug users behavior intervention.