城市居民出行碳排放研究进展

Research Progress on Carbon Emission from Urban Resident Travel

在应对全球气候变化和解决城市交通问题中,居民出行碳排放逐渐成为科学研究的重要课题.文章从居民出行碳排放的核算、影响因素和模拟三方面系统归纳了居民出行碳排放的研究内容及相关研究方法.可以认为:使用自下而上方法核算居民出行直接碳排放能明晰社区-家庭层级上居民出行碳排放的变化特征,由于数据获取困难,使用复杂方法核算居民出行间接碳排放的可操作性差;区域-城市环境特征和社区-家庭因素共同作用影响居民出行碳排放的变化,单方面分析居民出行碳排放的影响因素会出现研究结果的偏差,将二者结合使用复杂的数理统计方法量化各因子是揭示居民出行碳排放驱动机制的关键;基于时间地理学理论和GIS空间技术模拟居民出行时空轨迹可以较为直观地分析居民出行碳排放的时空特征,且为居民出行碳排放驱动机制分析提供支持.虽然考虑城市形态、土地利用、交通系统和居民个体行为的综合模型的时间和空间精度较低,却是未来模拟和调控居民出行碳排放的有效途径.

In response to the global climate change and solve the problem of urban traffic,carbon emission from resident travel has gradually become an important subject to scientific research.This paper reviews the current development on the research content and method from the counting method,driving factors and simulation of carbon emission from resident travel.Specifically,such studies count the carbon emission by the bottom-up approach,which is useful to study the direct carbon emission from resident travel at the scale of community and family.Calculating the indirect carbon emission from resident travel is hard for the complex method and detailed data.The impact factors on carbon emission from resident travel can be divided into two aspects：the spatial environment of region and urban from the planning perspective and the households attribute from the perspective of individual behavior.In order to reveal the driving mechanism of carbon emission from resident travel,we should combine two perspectives and use multi-source data by some complex mathematical methods.At the same time,simulating the space-time trajectory of resident travel not analyzes the characteristics of carbon emission intuitively,but supports the drive mechanism analysis through the time geography theory and GIS spatial analysis technology.Though these integrated models of time and space scale about urban form,land use,traffic system and residents＇individual behavior are large,they would be an effective means for simulating and regulating the carbon emission from resident travel.