宋代潮汕地区的福佬化

Hoklo of Chaozhou in the Song Dynasty

广东潮汕地区与福建闽南地区壤地相接,从宏观上看,这两个地区可视为一个大的自然地理区域和人文地理区域。但唐宋时期闽南发展较快,潮州的发展相对滞后,宋代闽南人口迅猛增长,对外移民以缓解人地矛盾便成为历史的必然。此一时期,潮州与闽南相比,人口较少,经济落后,很自然成为闽南对外移民的最佳选择。于是,自北宋开始,闽南人成批成批地移居潮汕;同时,宋代大量的闽南士人出仕潮州,卸任之后,不少人卜居潮州,成为当地望族。在闽南移民和仕潮闽南籍官宦共同推动下,儒家正统文化和闽南民俗文化逐渐在潮汕扎根,使得潮汕在方言、风俗、民间信仰方面都与闽南趋同。其后,闽南人建构出来的祖述光州固始的社会心理,也为潮汕人接受。因此可以说,唐五代时在泉、漳两州形成的福佬民系,至宋代已扩展到潮汕地区,使潮汕地区福佬化。

Chaoshan region is bound by Southern Fujian, from a macro point of view, these two regions can be seen as a large natural and human geography. However, Southern Fujian developed rapidly in the Tang and Song Dynasties, but Chaozhou was lagging behind. The population in Southern Fujian grew rapidly in the Song Dynasty, and that emigration became a historical necessity to ease the contradiction between people and the land. In this period, compared with Southern Fujian, the population in Chaozhou was less, and its economy was backward, so it was natural to become the best choice for Southern Fujian immigrants. Thus, since the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Fujian people emigrated to Chaozhou, while a large number of Southern Fujian scholars went to Chaozhou for official career, after leaving office, many people settled down in Chaozhou and became a local mayor. Promoted by the immigrants from Southern Fujian and officers with Southern Fujian nationals, orthodox Confucian culture and folk culture of Southern Fujian increasingly rooted in Chaozhou, which made the dialect, customs, and folk beliefs in Chaozhou are convergence with Southern Fujian, then,Zushuguangzhougushi as a social psychology constructed by people in Southern Fujian, was also accepted by people in Chaozhou. Therefore we can say, the Hoklo Minxi formed in Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties had extended to Chaozhou in the Song Dynasty, and made Chaozhou Hoklo.