客家人由来新考

A New Research on the Origin of Hakka

本文首先辨析前人研究客家由来的观点,提出客家主要出自中原,但是唐代形成说太早,元明形成说太晚,安史之乱对客家形成的影响不大。南朝末年的侯景之乱虽然促使江淮人大举南迁江西,但是真正对客家形成有重大影响的是唐末江淮大混战。唐末南北多地大小军阀在江淮混战六年,奠定了五代十国的基础。此战还彻底摧毁了江淮社会,使很多江淮人南迁江西,这与前人统计客家族谱多记祖先来自江淮吻合。本文首次指出《九国志》明确记载镇江附近人在唐末战乱中大量迁居江西,这与吉安家谱多记祖先来自金陵吻合,因为南京在唐代多属润州。唐宋之际赣南与闽西的人口与政区增长迅速,北宋中期两地共有上百万人口,形成一个独立经济区、文化区。南宋赣南、闽西已有大量人口迁居粤东,进入客家人的扩散期,所以客家人在北宋已经形成。

The author firstly analyzes views of Hakka＇s origin in the previous studies, and puts forward that Hakka is mainly from Central, but the wording that Hakka formed in the Tang Dynasty is too early, but in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties is too late, the Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty has little effect on the Hakka＇s formation. Houjing chaos although prompted mass migrations moved from Jianghuai to Jiangxi in the Southern Dynasty, but the big melee in the Jianghuai area in the late Tang really has a significant impact on the formation of Hakka. Kinds of warlords in the north and south tangled fight in Jianghuai for six years in the late Tang, which laid the foundation of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. These wars have completely destroyed the society in Jianghuai, many people moved to Jiangxi, which matches the previous statistics Genealogy recorded that most ancestors came from Jianghuai. The author firstly points out that large number of people near Zhenjiang moved to Jiangxi in the late Tang war clearly documented in ＂Nine Country Records＂,which fits Jian genealogy records that most ancestors came from Jinling, because Nanjing belongs to Runzhou in the Tang Dynasty mostly. The population and Administrative Region in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian grew rapidly during Tang and Song Dynasties, till the North Song Dynasty, there were millions of people and formed an independent economic and cultural area. A large number of people in southern Jiangxi, western Fujian moved to the eastern Guangdong in the Southern Song dynasty, which means it has been into the diffusion of the Hakka, so Hakka have formed in the Northern Song Dynasty.