风火仙师崇拜与明清景德镇行帮自治社会

Fenghuoxianshi Worship and the Guild Autonomy Society in Jingdezhen In the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明初,景德镇瓷业者合族而居,尊奉华光,祀奉赵慨。明中后期,随着景德镇民窑业的发展,外来人口大量流入,客籍人口数量超过本籍人,城市社会各种矛盾遂渐次增长。为了缓解社会的冲突与动荡,窑工们另造了一个景德镇独有之神——风火仙师。风火仙师崇拜由一个烧窑行业发展到整个民窑业,由整个民窑业发展到整个景德镇城市社会。这一信仰圈不断扩大的过程,其实也是行帮整合社区力量的过程。风火仙师在人们心中的地位越高,信奉的程度越深,酬神活动的范围越广,越有利于行帮组织对民窑业者和整个景德镇城市社会的精神控制。

In the early Ming Dynasty, porcelain are reside together in Jingdezhen, enshrined Huaguang and Zhao Kai.In the late Ming Dynasty, with the development of folk kilns industry, foreign population inflows, Hakka population was more than domiciled people, various social contradictions were gradually grown in Jingdezhen. In order to alleviate the conflicts and social unrest, kiln workers made a unique Jingdezhen God： Fenghuoxianshi. In the community of Jingdezhen,Fenghuoxianshi worship was gradually from a kiln industry development to the whole civilian industry, and then to the whole Jingdezhen society. The process of belief circle expanding also help the guild to integrate the whole community power. The higher the position of Fenghuoxianshi in the hearts of the people, the more helpful to the guild to control people and the whole Jingdezhen Society in mind.