东北地区不同玉米品种光合指标和产量的差异研究

Study on Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Different Maize Variety in Northeast

[目的]为更好地选择光合性能好、物质生产能力强的玉米品种，对东北地区常见8个玉米品种的光合指标和产量进行研究，为生产中选择高光效玉米品种提供依据。[方法]试验于2013年在吉林省梨树县进行，在拔节期和吐丝期测定吉单27、穗禾369、先玉335、迪卡516、利民33、农华101、郑单958、京科968玉米品种净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度以及叶绿素含量，在成熟期分析玉米品种的光合效率及产量变化。[结果]在8个品种中，除京科968、迪卡516、利民33的平均光合速率在8．04～14．87μmol／（m^2·s）外，其他玉米品种的平均光合速率在16．96—23．53μmol／（m^2·s）；郑单958、利民33、迪卡516、先玉335的籽粒产量较高，大于8372kg／hm^2，其余品种的产量在7111～7973ks／hm^2。[结论]郑单958、先玉335、利民33、迪卡516适宜在东北地区种植。

[ Objective ] In order to choose maize varieties which had better photosynthetic performance and production ablity, 8 common maize varieties were selected in Northeast China, and the photosynthetic indices and yield which would offer gist for the selection of the maize with the high photosynthetic efficiency were studied. [ Method] Field experiments were conducted in Lishu, Jilin Province to study photosynthetic efficien- cy and influencing factors of Jidan27, Suihe369, Xianyu335, DikaS16, Limin33, Nonghual01, Zhengdan958 and Jingke968. The net photosyn- thetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were determined at jointing and silking stages, and the yield was de- termined at mature period. [ Result ] The average Pn of Jingke968, Dika 516 and Limin33 were 8.04 - 14.87 μmol / （ m2· s）, and the others were 16.96 -23.53 ixmol /（m2 · s）. Zhengdan 958, Limin 33, Dika 516 and Xianyu 335 had a higher grain yield, morn than 8 372 kg/hm^2, and the grain yield of remaining varieties was 7 111 -7 973 kg,/hm^2. [ Conclusion] Zhengdan958, Xianyu335, Limin33 and Dika516 were suit- able for planting in Northeast China.