先秦两汉空间观与权力的空间化——从“空”、“宇”、“天”的语义演变到“天下”观念的构建

The Concept of Space and the Spatialization of Power in the pre-Qin and Han China:From the Original Meaning of “空”、“宇”、“天”to the Construction of the Concept of“天下”

考察"空"、"宇"、"天"等与传统中国空间观念密切相关的汉字在先秦时期的造字本义和语义演变以及先秦两汉关于"天"及"天下"的观念建构,可以发现,先秦两汉空间观的发生与发展经历了一个从具象实践到抽象理论再到权力表征的发展转换过程。在这一过程中,秩序逐渐被纳入空间认知中,空间秩序、空间关系逐渐成为权力的表征,尤其自秦汉始,权力的空间化不仅体现为帝制中国的疆域扩张,亦表现为日常生活实践中的空间秩序,并深刻影响了艺术创作尤其是传统文学、绘画艺术的基本内容、表现方式乃至审美批评。

Through an investigation of the original meaning and the semantic evolution of the Chinese characters ＂ 空＂, ＂宇＂, and ＂天＂,closely related to the concept of space in pre-Qin China, as well as the construction of the concept of ＂ 天 ＂ in pre-Qin and Han dynasties, we can find that the occurrence and development of concept of space in pre-Qin and Han experienced a conversion from practice to theory, and finally became a representation of power. In this process, the idea of order was gradually incorporated into spatial cognition, and the spatial order and spatial relations turned to be the representation of power, then we can find that the spatialization of power was not only reflected in territory expansion of the imperial China, but also manifested itself in the spatial order of daily practice,and profoundly influenced artistic creation, especially the content, expression and aesthetic criticism of traditional Chinese literature and painting.